Occupational Safety and Health in Venezuela

Caraballo-Arias, Yohama

doi:10.1016/j.aogh.2015.08.022

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The political and socio-economic situation has led to a mass exodus of more than 1.6 million highly qualified and talented professionals, and a total of more than 2.5 million of Venezuelans leaving the country [41]. This number seems to grow daily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Working in Venezuela: How the Crisis has Affected the Labor Conditions

Caraballo-Arias

Madrid

Barrios³

2018

Annals of Global Health

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Background:Venezuela, the country with the largest oil reserves in the world, is facing the worst economic, social and political crisis in its history; which has notably affected the quality of life of the workforce and the entire population.Objectives:Identify and analyze the main social factors derived from the Venezuelan crisis, which are affecting the workers’ health and working conditions.Methods:Document study. Several sources of information from the last twenty years were consulted, ranging from public statistics and reports, newspaper articles, and results of scientific research. The information gathered was carefully studied to ensure that only reliable sources were used to ultimately reach valid conclusions.Results:Both workers from the formal and informal sector and their families are struggling to fulfill their basic needs. Low salaries and soaring inflation have resulted in a dramatic reduction in the purchasing power of the people. General violence and high prices of basic goods are some of the major problems affecting workers both inside and outside of their working environment. Being a formal employee is no longer a guarantee for an acceptable quality of life. As a result, over 1.6 million Venezuelans have left their country since 2015 in a migration crisis never seen before in Latin America.Conclusion:Quality of life and wellbeing of most of the Venezuelan population has being deteriorated in the last 5 years and Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is not a priority for enterprises in the middle of the economic emergency and general deterioration of daily life.Despite the relevance of this problem, research on the subject is very limited. Recent and pertinent data is needed to properly identify and measure the risks and negative consequences that workers and families are exposed caused by the ongoing crisis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Venezuela, according to data collected from 2004 through 2005, every day, an average of 4 people lost their lives as a result of accidents in their jobs [41]. The number of accidents has a rate of thirty-three [33] accidents per hour; injured workers exceed this number, and the number of disabled employees exceeds 18.4% [59].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working in Venezuela: How the Crisis has Affected the Labor Conditions

Caraballo-Arias

Madrid

Barrios³

2018

Annals of Global Health

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“…En Venezuela el sector informal constituye una gran fuente de absorción de mano de obra desocupada 16 ; más del 40% de la población trabajadora labora en el sector informal 17 , de la cual se desconoce la proporción que se dedica al bachaqueo, cuyo origen es multifactorial y dentro de sus causas se destacan: 1. Ventajas, como la obtención de importantes ingresos en poco tiempo, la libertad de horario, la evasión de impuestos y la movilidad física.…”

Section: ¿Por Qué Proliferan Los Bachaqueros?unclassified

“…Para finales de 2017 se proyecta que alcance la cifra de 1.134%, y para el 2018 supere el 2.500% 42 ; y es la inflación una de las principales causas del empobrecimiento de un pueblo [43][44][45] ; lamentablemente, Venezuela posee la inflación más alta del mundo. 17 Actualmente, una familia con un ingreso equivalente a dos salarios mínimos integrales sólo puede adquirir alimento para 17 días 46 , por lo que muchas personas optan por la economía informal como un medio alternativo o complementario para obtener más dinero. Una investigación realizada en China determinó que el mercado negro se perpetúa si algunos compradores y vendedores están dispuestos a comprar o vender a un precio más alto con respecto al precio máximo oficial a pesar de incurrir en una sanción legal.…”

Section: Conclusionesunclassified

Bachaqueros. Un Trabajo del Mercado Negro Venezolano

Caraballo-Arias

Santos²,

Porta-Gonzalez

et al. 2017

Cienc Trab.

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Bachaqueros. Un Trabajo del Mercado Negro Venezolano BACHAQUEROS. A VENEZUELAN BLACK MARKET JOBen Venezuela ha generado un nuevo fenómeno laboral llamado bachaqueo, de donde surge el término bachaquero, que nace de la analogía con el bachaco: una hormiga grande que puede llevar consigo grandes cargas de alimentos.1 Aunque el término más lógico debería ser el de bachaco, se le ha denominado bachaquero a quien ejerce esta práctica. Este término se ha convertido incluso en un verbo conjugable (yo bachaqueo, tú bachaqueas, él bachaquea, ella bachaquea, nosotros bachaqueamos…) y ya se ha extendido tanto este fenómeno, haciéndose parte de la cotidianidad, que se ha caricaturizado 2-5 como parte de la expresión y humor ante la adversidad, que caracteriza al venezolano. El bachaqueo tiene sus orígenes entre la década de los años 30 y 40 del siglo XX, con el denominado boom petrolero venezolano 6 en zonas fronterizas de Venezuela con Colombia, donde el contrabando de gasolina hizo surgir a los denominados pimpineros, personas cuya actividad económica principal era la reventa RESUMENEn Venezuela, dentro del sector informal, surge un nuevo fenómeno laboral categorizado como una práctica socioeconómica de características delictivas que está en contra de la Ley de Precios Justos, que lleva por nombre "bachaqueo"; esta actividad se caracteriza por la reventa de productos de primera necesidad a precios que superan hasta 100 veces, o más, su valor oficial. Esta investigación realizó una revisión hemerográfica y de la literatura científica relacionada con el fenómeno del bachaqueo, el mercado negro y la economía informal. El bachaqueo, al posibilitar el autoempleo es difícil de erradicar debido a la rápida obtención de ingresos, además de permitir la libertad de horario y la evasión de impuestos. Las personas que realizan este tipo de actividad constituyen una población susceptible de padecer enfermedades relacionadas con su ocupación debido a los múltiples factores de riesgo a los que se exponen, además de su exclusión del Sistema de Seguridad Social y la falta de acceso a servicios de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo. Basados en experiencias previas, sumado a la disponibilidad cada vez menor de productos regulados a precios falsamente bajos en el mercado venezolano, estimamos que la fuerza del fenómeno llamado bachaqueo, pudiese tender a disminuir. ABSTRACTIn Venezuela, within the informal sector, a new labor phenomenon is categorized as a socioeconomic practice of illegal characteristics that goes against the "Ley de Precios Justos" (Fair Prices Law), called "bachaqueo". This activity is characterized by the resale of basic products at prices that exceed up to 100 times, or more, their official value. This research carried out a review of news and scientific literature related to the phenomenon of "bachaqueo", the black market and the informal economy. The "bachaqueo", by enabling self-employment, is difficult to eliminate due to the incentives created by rapid incomes, time flexibility and tax evasion. People who carry out ...

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“…The issue of protecting an employee of a production enterprise in the context of occupational safety and health requirements is of a universal and international nature. The problem is of interest to various fields of science and is illuminated by representatives of world science from various perspectives (Caraballo -Arias, 2015, Cempel et al, 2016, Gerkin et al, 2017, Levin, 1977. One of the areas of legal protection of employees against these threats is created by criminal law.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penal Law Protection of a Production Enterprise Employee in the Light of Obligations on the Occupational Safety and Health

Kąkol

2018

Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering

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The article discusses criminal law regulations whose task is to protect employees from imminent dangers to life and health and resulting from the violation of health and safety at work. Therefore, the key offenses of art. 220 (Act - Penal Code, 1997) from the point of view of criminal responsibility were subject to analysis, as well as the premises that determine it. In this way, an attempt was made to define the protection and responsibility framework both in the subjective and objective dimension. In the further part of the study, the regulations protecting the life and health of employees with other penal regulations of a general nature were discussed, also in the context of criminal threat dimensions, as well as the premises for not being punished by the perpetrator.

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Occupational Safety and Health in Venezuela

Abstract: There is a substantial difference between what is written to protect individual Venezuelans in the workplace and the reality of workplace conditions. Substantial governmental actions are needed in the immediate future to improve occupational safety and health of Venezuelan workers.

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Working in Venezuela: How the Crisis has Affected the Labor Conditions

Working in Venezuela: How the Crisis has Affected the Labor Conditions

Bachaqueros. Un Trabajo del Mercado Negro Venezolano

Penal Law Protection of a Production Enterprise Employee in the Light of Obligations on the Occupational Safety and Health

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