Occurrence and accumulation of pharmaceutical products in water and biota of urban lowland rivers

Updated knowledge, partitioning and ecological risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in global aquatic environments

“…53 Trimethoprim was quantied in the Asian, African, and Europe continents with concentrations of up to 210 ng g À1 , 133 ng g À1 and 19 ng g À1 in China, 48 Kenya 61 and Italy, 93 respectively. Sulfamethoxazole was only reported in the African and Asian continents, in concentrations of up to 447 ng g À1 in India 59 and 219 ng g À1 in China. 47 In the paraben group, ethylparaben (33%), methylparaben (19%) and propylparaben (13%) showed the highest frequencies of detection.…”

“…50 The highest ibuprofen concentration in the Asian continent was 2407 ng L −1 in Saudi Arabia, 56 while in North America it was 1670 ng L −1 in Canada 41 and in South America, this was 2143 ng L −1 in Argentina. 59…”

An Overview of Analytical Methods to Determine Pharmaceutical Active Compounds in Aquatic Organisms

“…Fish are considered one of the most important bioindicators in both fresh and salt waters to estimate the level of pollution in the environment [ 3 ]. They have the ability to accumulate pollutants present in the surrounding environment in their fatty tissues [ 45 ]. Biomonitoring of these species is important due to human consumption, as they are a higher link in the food chain and, besides the inhalation exposure, the presence of contaminants in their bodies may be due to biomagnification (dietary exposure).…”

Nanostructured Aerogel Materials for removal of Antibiotic from Contaminated Environment: A Review

“…Methods of hydrogel formation afore aerogel preparation:Several methods are applying for the formation of hydrogel before modification of aerogels including self-assembly method, sol-gel method, hydrothermal method etc.Sol-gel is a traditional and widelyapplied process for hydrogel formation and it's a process of hydrolysis and condensation of precursors and subsequent formation a crisscross network of hydrogels. In the sol gel process, low temperature is required and hydrolysis reaction can easily control and be able to precisely develop customized nanostructured gel [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The three key steps are roughly use for this sol-gel process including gelation, aging and drying as seen in Fig-2 [12].…”

“…The complex mixture of toxins by EPs in the water system is gained to immediate attention of decontamination by appropriate technology. Apart from other wastewater treatment technologies, the adsorption is considered as promising, low-cost and one of the easiest methods for wastewater decontamination [9,10]. Thetype of contaminants and concentration of pollutants in the wastewater are varied based on human induced activities at different geographical location of the world [11,12].For example, acomprehensive research in the 100 European rivers of 27 EU countries were found that some antibiotics were frequently detected with high concentration that including carbamazepine, benzotriazole and caffeine in the all water bodies of surveyed European rivers [8,9].…”