Occurrence and colocalization of surfactant proteins A, B, C and D in the developing and adult rat brain

Schob, Stefan; Dieckow, Julia; Fehrenbach, Michael Karl; Peukert, Nicole; Weiß, Alexander; Kluth, Dietrich; Thomé, Ulrich; Quäschling, Ulf; Lacher, Martin; Preuß, Matthias

doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2016.10.006

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Currently, there is only limited knowledge of the surfactant system in the developing CNS of rats (6). SP-A and C have been found to be first to be expressed in embryonic rat brains whereas SP-B and SP-D were detected in adult rat brains only.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prematurely born babies have a high risk of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), which is presumed to arise from immature germinal matrix at the ventricular walls of the lateral ventricles. Our recent studies focusing on embryology and concerning the CNS surfactant system in hydrocephalic conditions suggest a relationship between surfactant protein concentrations and intraventricular hemorrhage (6). Immature lung suffers from higher surface tension under postpartum breathing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CSF Surfactant Protein Changes in Preterm Infants After Intraventricular Hemorrhage

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Surfactant proteins (SP) have been shown to be inherent proteins of the human CNS and are altered during acute and chronic disturbances of CSF circulation. Aim of the study was to examine the changes of surfactant protein concentrations in CSF of preterm babies suffering from intraventricular hemorrhage. Patients and Methods: Consecutive CSF samples of 21 preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhages (IVH) and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHHC) were collected at primary intervention, after 5-10 days and at time of shunt insertion ∼50 days after hemorrhage. Samples were analyzed for surfactant proteins A, B, C, and G by ELISA assays and the results were compared to 35 hydrocephalus patients (HC) without hemorrhage and 6 newborn control patients. Results and Discussion: Premature patients with IVH showed a significant elevation of surfactant proteins SPA , C, and G compared to HC and control groups: mean values for the respective groups were SPA 4.19 vs. 1.08 vs. 0.38 ng/ml. Mean SP-C 3.63 vs. 1.47 vs. 0.48 ng/ml. Mean SP-G 3.86 vs. 0.17 vs. 0.2 ng/ml. SPA and G concentrations were slowly falling over time without reaching normal values. SP-C levels declined faster following neurosurgical interventions and reached levels comparable to those of hydrocephalus patients without hemorrhage. Conclusion: Intraventricular hemorrhages of premature infants cause posthemorrhagic CSF flow disturbance and are associated with highly significant elevations of surfactant proteins A, C, and G independent of total CSF protein concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CSF Surfactant Protein Changes in Preterm Infants After Intraventricular Hemorrhage

et al. 2020

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“…Concerning this matter it is of great interest that SPs have been identified as inherent proteins of the CNS, synthesized and secreted by choroid plexus and ependymal cells, which are also the major sites of CSF production (Schob et al, 2013, 2016a). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SP-A and SP-C appear in the CNS already during embryonic development, resembling the appearance pattern in the lungs, whereas SP-B and SP-D do not appear in the CNS until birth (Schob et al, 2016a). On a cellular level SPs of the CNS are produced within astrocytic feet processes surrounding parenchymal vessels, in the choroid plexus and by ventricular ependymal cells to finally be released into the CSF (Schob et al, 2016a). With reference to the well known effects of SPs on the physicochemical properties of the alveolar fluid, an important role of SPs for CSF rheology is presumable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations of Ventricular Enlargement with Rheologically Active Surfactant Proteins in Cerebrospinal Fluid

Schob

Weiß

Dieckow

et al. 2017

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Purpose: Surfactant proteins (SPs) are involved in the regulation of rheological properties of body fluids. Concentrations of SPs are altered in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of hydrocephalus patients. The common hallmark of hydrocephalus is enlargement of the brain ventricles. The relationship of both phenomena has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between SP concentrations in the CSF and enlargement of the brain ventricles.Procedures: Ninty-six individuals (41 healthy subjects and 55 hydrocephalus patients) were included in this retrospective analysis. CSF specimens were analyzed for SP-A, SP-B, SP-C and SP-D concentrations by use of enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Ventricular enlargement was quantified in T2 weighted (T2w) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sections using an uni-dimensional (Evans’ Index) and a two-dimensional approach (lateral ventricles area index, LVAI).Results: CSF-SP concentrations (mean ± standard deviation in ng/ml) were as follows: SP-A 0.71 ± 0.58, SP-B 0.18 ± 0.43, SP-C 0.89 ± 0.77 and SP-D 7.4 ± 5.4. Calculated values of Evans’ Index were 0.37 ± 0.11, a calculation of LVAI resulted in 0.18 ± 0.15 (each mean ± standard deviation). Significant correlations were identified for Evans’ Index with SP-A (r = 0.388, p < 0.001) and SP-C (r = 0.392, p < 0.001), LVAI with SP-A (r = 0.352, p = 0.001), SP-C (r = 0.471, p < 0.001) and SP-D (r = 0.233, p = 0.025). Furthermore, SP-C showed a clear inverse correlation with age (r = −0.357, p = 0.011).Conclusion: The present study confirmed significant correlations between SPs A, C and D in the CSF with enlargement of the inner CSF spaces. In conclusion, SPs clearly play an important role for CSF rheology. CSF rheology is profoundly altered in hydrocephalic diseases, however, diagnosis and therapy of hydrocephalic conditions are still almost exclusively based on ventricular enlargement. Until now it was unclear, whether the stage of the disease, as represented by the extent of ventricular dilatation, is somehow related to the changes of SP levels in the CSF. Our study is the first to provide evidence that increasing ventriculomegaly is accompanied by enhanced changes of rheologically active compounds in the CSF and therefore introduces completely new aspects for hydrocephalus testing and conservative therapeutic approaches.

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“…In a subsequent paper, the same group of researchers presented further evidence of the role of SP's in CNS physiology when they reported that SP's were co-localized in neonatal and adult rat brains with use of astrocyte, a neuronal and endothelial cell markers (Schob et al, 2016). They found that SP-A was expressed in the CNS of rats during early embryonic age whereas SP-D was found in the adult only.…”

Section: Review Of the Localization And Known Functions Of Extra-pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure, genetics and function of the pulmonary associated surfactant proteins A and D: The extra-pulmonary role of these C type lectins

Vieira

Kung

Bhatti

2017

Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger

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The collectins family encompasses several collagenous Ca2+-dependent defense lectins that are described as pathogen recognition molecules. They play an important role in both adaptive and innate immunity. Surfactant protein A and D are two of these proteins which were initially discovered in association with surfactant in the pulmonary system. The structure, immune and inflammatory functions, and genetic variations have been well described in relation to their roles, function and pathophysiology in the pulmonary system. Subsequently, these proteins have been discovered in a wide range of other organs and organ systems. The role of these proteins outside the pulmonary system is currently an active area of research. This review intends to provide a current overview of the genetics, structure and extra-pulmonary functions of the surfactant collectin proteins.

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Occurrence and colocalization of surfactant proteins A, B, C and D in the developing and adult rat brain

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

CSF Surfactant Protein Changes in Preterm Infants After Intraventricular Hemorrhage

CSF Surfactant Protein Changes in Preterm Infants After Intraventricular Hemorrhage

Correlations of Ventricular Enlargement with Rheologically Active Surfactant Proteins in Cerebrospinal Fluid

Structure, genetics and function of the pulmonary associated surfactant proteins A and D: The extra-pulmonary role of these C type lectins

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