Occurrence and estimation of pesticide residues in edible minor crops in southeastern Poland in 2013–2014

Abstract

This paper presents the results of official control of pesticide residues in minor crops collected in southeastern Poland in 2013-2014. Compliance of used pesticides with applicable law was also verified, and determined residues were compared to maximum residue levels (MRLs) provided for in Regulation (EC) No. 395/2005. A total of 583 samples of 25 different types of fresh fruit and vegetables were analyzed for pesticide residues. Pesticide residues were detected in 158 samples (27.1 % of the analyzed samples). According to the European Commission Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General (SANCO) guidelines document, MRL violations were understood as cases where a residue level exceeded the MRL after the uncertainty of the method (50 %) was considered. MRL violations were found in four samples. The usage of unauthorized pesticides was detected in 5.8 % of analyzed samples. Substances banned in Poland were found in two samples. Fungicides were the most frequently detected group of pesticides. Pesticide residues were most commonly found in fruit samples (19.4 % of all analyzed samples), mainly in gooseberry, redcurrant, and huckleberry. The majority of samples were compliant with MRLs, which means that they were suitable for trade.

Influence of a Commercial Biological Fungicide containing Trichoderma harzianum Rifai T-22 on Dissipation Kinetics and Degradation of Five Herbicides in Two Types of Soil

“…Propylene containers were closed with a cover one day after chemical spraying and were opened to take samples for GC analysis. The samples for the pesticide analysis were taken after 1,8,15,22,29,43, and 64 days. Before sampling, each soil was mixed thoroughly with a laboratory spoon.…”

“…Pesticides are substances used worldwide, especially in the plant production, to combat weeds, pests, and diseases, and thence to increase the yield. After fulfilling their task, a majority of pesticides remain in plants, soil, and other components of the environment, and can be uptaken by a consumer, mainly with food or water [1,2].…”

Achieving High Efficacy and Low Safety Risk by Balancing Pesticide Deposition on Leaves and Fruits of Chinese Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.)

“…13 At the same time, the improper use of pesticides by some growers has caused many problems, such as excessive pesticide residues in fruits, which increase people's dietary risk. 14,15 Pesticide residues have become the main technical barriers to trade and affect the export of Chinese wolfberry fruit. 16,17 The retention and wetting behavior of liquids is a natural performance, which is common in many industrial and agricultural processes.…”

“…In the growth process of Chinese wolfberry, diseases and insect pests are more common, which often affect the integrity and function of Chinese wolfberry leaves and lead to a significant decline in the yield and quality of Chinese wolfberry fruit but usually do not directly destroy the Chinese wolfberry fruit. , Growers often spray pesticides via conventional volume spraying to control diseases and insect pests, but due to the poor wetting ability of some pesticides, the control efficacy is not ideal, and the utilization rate of pesticides is lower, resulting in pesticide waste . At the same time, the improper use of pesticides by some growers has caused many problems, such as excessive pesticide residues in fruits, which increase people’s dietary risk. , Pesticide residues have become the main technical barriers to trade and affect the export of Chinese wolfberry fruit. , …”