Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Four Typical Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics in Raw and Treated Sewage and in Receiving Waters in Hangzhou, China

Tong, Changlun; Zhuo, Xiajun; Guo, Yun

doi:10.1021/jf2013937

Cited by 101 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This result is consistent with the fact that OFL, NOR, and CIP are the most popular FQs consumed by humans in China (Table S4 †). 26 The other ve FQs, including DIF, ENR, FLE, LOM and SAR, were present at low concentrations (0.01-0.56 ng L À1 ) and detection rates (1-19% 29 China, indicating that the levels of FQs in Beijing were relatively high.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Antibiotics In Urban Surface Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, distribution and risks of antibiotics in urban surface water in Beijing, China

Gao

Shi

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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The occurrence and distribution of 22 antibiotics, including eight fluoroquinolones, nine sulfonamides and five macrolides, were investigated in the urban surface waters in Beijing, China. A total of 360 surface water samples were collected from the main rivers and lakes in the urban area of Beijing monthly from July 2013 to June 2014 (except the frozen period). Laboratory analyses revealed that antibiotics were widely used and extensively distributed in the surface water of Beijing, and sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones were the predominant antibiotics with the average concentrations of 136 and 132 ng L À1, respectively. A significant difference of antibiotic concentrations from different sampling sites was observed, and the southern and eastern regions of Beijing showed higher concentrations of antibiotics. Seasonal variation of the antibiotics in the urban surface water was also studied, and the highest level of antibiotics was found in November, which may be due to the low temperature and flow of the rivers during the period of cold weather. Risk assessment showed that several antibiotics might pose high ecological risks to aquatic organisms (algae and plants) in surface water, and more attention should be paid to the risk of antibiotics to the aquatic environment in Beijing. Environmental impactAs an important group of emerging contaminants, antibiotics have attracted particular attention due to their wide occurrence and potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Beijing is one of the largest and most developed cities in China. The surface water in this region would suffer serious pollution by large amounts of antibiotics from treated and untreated wastewater of hospitals, industries, and livestock farming. This paper investigated the occurrence, distribution, and potential risks of 22 antibiotics in the main rivers and lakes in the urban area of Beijing, China. The results would have signicant implications to understand the spatial distribution, temporal variation, and risks of antibiotics in surface water, and help to provide efficient strategies for pollution control of antibiotics in this region.

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Section: Occurrence Of Antibiotics In Urban Surface Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, distribution and risks of antibiotics in urban surface water in Beijing, China

Gao

Shi

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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“…In Jinnan, the mean CIP level (5.10) is slightly lower than ENR (5.42). As indicated by Tamtam et al (2011), norfloxacin is a widely used FQ on the market since the late 80 s. And NOR, CIP, OFL and ENR are the main FQ antibiotics in China (Tong et al 2011). In addition, Picó and Andreu (2007) reported that CIP, ENR and OFL, which have high sorption coefficient K d values (61,000, 496-3,037, 44,100 L/kg, respectively), can move rapidly from the water compartment into solids due to their lipophilicity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Fluoroquinolones, Sulfonamides and Macrolides in Long-Term Wastewater Irrigation Soil in Tianjin, China

Shi

Gao

et al. 2012

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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Fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides and macrolides were analyzed in soil samples collected from suburban areas in Tianjin, China. Fluoroquinolones were the predominant class of antibiotics. The mean total concentration of fluoroquinolones (33.56 lg/kg) was 30-fold higher than one of macrolides, which were the second dominant class antibiotics. Sulfonamides showed the lowest level in soil. The spatial distribution of fluoroquinolones showed wastewater irrigation was a potential source of antibiotics. The individual antibiotics levels were all below the trigger value (100 lg/kg) set by the Steering Committee of Veterinary International Committee, indicating the low risk for organisms in the agricultural soils of Tianjin.

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“…Unfortunately, due to the excessive addition in the feed, these drugs have also been frequently detected in environmental samples ascribing to the excretion via urine or feces. The concentration of ofloxacin in surface water bodies has been reported at 0.05 lg/L (Golet et al, 2002;Tong et al, 2011), and ciprofloxacin could reach as high as 5.93 lg/L for rivers contaminated by animal-farm effluents (Wei et al, 2012). In raw sewages and the secondary effluents from sewage treatment plants, 10 quinolones antibiotics were found and the concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 2.6 lg/L and 0.05 to 1.0 lg/L, respectively (Tong et al, 2011;Jia et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration of ofloxacin in surface water bodies has been reported at 0.05 lg/L (Golet et al, 2002;Tong et al, 2011), and ciprofloxacin could reach as high as 5.93 lg/L for rivers contaminated by animal-farm effluents (Wei et al, 2012). In raw sewages and the secondary effluents from sewage treatment plants, 10 quinolones antibiotics were found and the concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 2.6 lg/L and 0.05 to 1.0 lg/L, respectively (Tong et al, 2011;Jia et al, 2012). It is worth noting that ciprofloxacin have also been detected in untreated hospital sewages at a level of 101 lg/L (Lindberg et al, 2004;Martins et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity of quinolones: Substituents contribution and transformation products QSAR evaluation using 2D and 3D models

Wei

Zhao

et al. 2014

Chemosphere

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h i g h l i g h t sGenotoxicity of 21 quinolones was determined and analyzed with QSAR method. Big size and/or positive charge at 1-position substituent increase genotoxicity. Small size and/or negative charge at 8-position substituent increase genotoxicity. Negative charge at 7-position substituent increase genotoxicity. QSAR model showed that most metabolites had higher genotoxicity than precursor. a r t i c l e i n f o t r a c tThe genotoxicity of 21 quinolones antibiotics was determined using SOS/umu assay. Some quinolones exhibited high genotoxicity, and the chemical substituent on quinolone ring significantly affected genotoxicity. To establish the relationship between genotoxicity and substituent, a 2D-QSAR model based on quantum chemical parameters was developed. Calculation suggested that both steric and electrostatic properties were correlated well with genotoxicity. Furthermore, the specific effect on three key active sites (1-, 7-and 8-positions) of quinolone ring was investigated using a 3D-QSAR (comparative molecular field analysis, CoMFA) method. From our modeling, the genotoxicity increased when substituents had: (1) big volume and/or positive charge at 1-position; (2) negative charge at 7-position; and (3) small volume and/or negative charge at 8-position. The developed QSAR models were applicable to estimate genotoxicity of quinolones antibiotics and their transformation products. It is noted that some of the transformation products exhibited higher genotoxicity comparing to their precursor (e.g., ciprofloxacin). This study provided an alternative way to understand the molecule genotoxicity of quinolones derivatives, as well as to evaluate their potential environmental risks.

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Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Four Typical Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics in Raw and Treated Sewage and in Receiving Waters in Hangzhou, China

Cited by 101 publications

References 34 publications

Occurrence, distribution and risks of antibiotics in urban surface water in Beijing, China

Occurrence, distribution and risks of antibiotics in urban surface water in Beijing, China

Investigation of Fluoroquinolones, Sulfonamides and Macrolides in Long-Term Wastewater Irrigation Soil in Tianjin, China

Genotoxicity of quinolones: Substituents contribution and transformation products QSAR evaluation using 2D and 3D models

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