Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in surface seawater of the West Pacific

Xiao, Kaiyan; Lu, Zhibo; Yang, Chen; Zhao, Song; Zheng, Hongyuan; Gao, Yuan; Kaluwin, Chalapan; Liu, Yanguang; Cai, Minghong

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112691

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Since most previous studies concentrated on dissolved OPEs, which also dominated in this study, a specialized comparison was conducted for dissolved OPEs. The dissolved OPE concentrations of this study (340 ± 380 ng/L) were comparable to the mean OPE concentrations in worldwide coastal waters, such as the German Bight (400 ng/L) (Wang et al., 2020) and the Amazon River mouth (460 ng/L) (Schmidt et al., 2019), but higher than those observed in the open West Pacific Ocean (25 ng/L) (Xiao et al., 2021) and the remote North Atlantic‐Arctic Ocean (2.9 ng/L) (Li et al., 2017) (Table S12 in Supporting Information ). However, compared to previous studies on dissolved OPEs in the surface water of coastal China Seas, our results were overall comparable but slightly lower than the mean OPE concentrations detected in the Lianyungang (570 ng/L) (Hu et al., 2014), Pearl River Estuary (630 ng/L), Yellow River Estuary (870 ng/L) (Lai et al., 2019) and Laizhou Bay (1,200 ng/L) (Lian et al., 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Combined Effects of Fronts, Upwelling and the Biological Pump on Organophosphate Esters in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary During Summer

Zhang,

Ma,

Zhong

et al. 2023

JGR Oceans

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Estuarine and coastal environments are important transport pathways and regional sinks for anthropogenic pollutants. In this study, the occurrence and transport of the continuously released organophosphate esters (OPEs) was investigated together with physical and biochemical parameters throughout the water column in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary during the summer. Total dissolved and particulate OPEs showed great spatial heterogeneity, with mean concentrations of 550 ± 280 ng/L in the estuary, 110 ± 270 ng/L in the front/upwelling zone, and 410 ± 450 ng/L in the continental shelf. OPE concentrations in the estuarine bottom waters were high due to massive terrestrial/sediment inputs. In contrast, the “surface enrichment and depth depletion” of OPEs in the continental shelf was closely related to seasonal stratification. Reduced OPE concentrations were observed in the frontal/upwelling zone due to isopycnal heaving. Frontal activity and upwelling induced phytoplankton blooms in the coastal regions, which jointly contributed to elevated OPEs beneath surface water with high phytoplankton aggregation. The OPEs mainly originated from wastewater treatment plant discharges, industrial pollution and consumer products. These OPEs generally posed a low ecological risk to aquatic lives, but their long‐term effects cannot be ignored due to their continuous high production, usage and release.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Combined Effects of Fronts, Upwelling and the Biological Pump on Organophosphate Esters in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary During Summer

Zhang,

Ma,

Zhong

et al. 2023

JGR Oceans

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“…Compared to previous studies for dissolved OPEs in marine and coastal areas, the results of this work showed relatively low levels, which are 2−3 orders of magnitude lower than those detected in the German Bight, 42 Amazon River mouth, 43 Tokyo Bay, 17 and the Chinese marginal seas. 44,45 In contrast, the OPE concentrations of this work are in line with those measured in the East China Sea, 46 the Arctic, 38 the Pacific, 47,48 and the South China Sea. 25 The concentrations of TEP (measured with LLE) ranged from 400 to 7500 pg/L with an average of 2000 ± 1450 pg/L, which showed the highest concentration among the selected OPEs in this work.…”

Section: Opes In Seawatersupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Three Cl-OPEs dominated the composition profile, with a mean contribution of 72%, followed by a 22% contribution of alkyl-OPEs and a 6% contribution of aryl-OPEs. Compared to previous studies for dissolved OPEs in marine and coastal areas, the results of this work showed relatively low levels, which are 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than those detected in the German Bight, Amazon River mouth, Tokyo Bay, and the Chinese marginal seas. , In contrast, the OPE concentrations of this work are in line with those measured in the East China Sea, the Arctic, the Pacific, , and the South China Sea …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Organophosphate Esters in Air and Seawater of the South China Sea: Spatial Distribution, Transport, and Air–Sea Exchange

Xie

Zhang

et al. 2023

Environ. Health

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Organophosphate esters (OPEs) have become one group of chemicals with emerging concern in the marine environment. In this work, we investigated OPEs in the air and seawater of the South China Sea in summer 2019. The concentrations of ∑10OPEs in the atmosphere ranged from 66 to 550 pg/m3, with TCIPP, TNBP, TPhP, and TEP predominating in the air. The total dissolved OPE concentrations (∑10OPEs without TEP) measured in high-volume water samples ranged from 300 to 3600 pg/L, with a mean concentration of 1180 ± 910 pg/L. TEP was measured with liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), and it showed the highest concentration (average 2000 ± 1450 pg/L) among the selected OPEs. Total suspended matter associated OPEs accounted for less than 4.7% of the sum of OPE concentrations in seawater. Fugacity fractions and air–sea exchange fluxes showed that TCEP, TCIPP, TIBP, TEHP, TPhP, and EHDPP were favored to volatilize, TEP dominated the deposition, while TPrP and TNBP varied between volatilization and deposition. Atmospheric particle deposition fluxes ranged from 5 to 71 ng/m2/day with an average of 17 ± 15 ng/m2/day. The input of ∑OPEs to the entire South China Sea via atmospheric particle deposition was estimated to be 22 ± 19 tons/year, while the net air–sea exchange fluxes of OPEs were volatilization from seawater to air with an average of 44 ± 33 tons/year. This work suggests that air–sea exchange and atmospheric particle deposition are significant processes interfering with the transport of OPEs in the marine environment.

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“…Compared to SCCPs, no information is currently available on the MCCPs and LCCPs in seawater, which their lower solubility can explain. , Except for the coastal waters, there is currently no measurement of CPs in open and high-latitude waters, strongly indicating the influence of human inputs into the ocean. In addition, plastics are the carriers of chemical additives into the sea, potentially playing the role of in situ sources of CPs via plastics leaching. ,,, Plastics have been reported to be widely distributed in remote areas, including the deep-sea, Antarctic and Arctic regions. − Moreover, other POPs have been detected in the surface seawater of remote areas, like the western Pacific, North Atlantic, and Arctic. − Theoretically, CPs have possibly reached these remote areas due to physicochemical characteristics similar to those of other POPs.…”

Section: Distribution Of Cps In the Marine Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorinated Paraffin Pollution in the Marine Environment

Lyu,

Zhang

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are ubiquitous in the environment due to their large-scale usage, persistence, and long-range atmospheric transport. The oceans are a critical environment where CPs transformation occurs. However, the broad impacts of CPs on the marine environment remain unclear. This review describes the sources, occurrence and transport pathways, environmental processes, and ecological effects of CPs in the marine environment. CPs are distributed in the global marine environment by riverine input, ocean currents, and long-range atmospheric transport from industrial areas. Environmental processes, such as the deposition of particle-bound compounds, leaching of plastics, and microbial degradation of CPs, are the critical drivers for regulating CPs’ fate in water columns or sediment. Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of CPs in marine food webs may threaten marine ecosystem functions. To elucidate the biogeochemical processes and environmental impacts of CPs in marine environments, future work should clarify the burden and transformation process of CPs and reveal their ecological effects. The results would help readers clarify the current research status and future research directions of CPs in the marine environment and provide the scientific basis and theoretical foundations for the government to assess marine ecological risks of CPs and to make policies for pollution prevention and control.

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Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in surface seawater of the West Pacific

Cited by 26 publications

References 59 publications

Combined Effects of Fronts, Upwelling and the Biological Pump on Organophosphate Esters in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary During Summer

Combined Effects of Fronts, Upwelling and the Biological Pump on Organophosphate Esters in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary During Summer

Organophosphate Esters in Air and Seawater of the South China Sea: Spatial Distribution, Transport, and Air–Sea Exchange

Chlorinated Paraffin Pollution in the Marine Environment

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