Occurrence of a novel glycolipid, 'trehalose 2,3,6'‐trimycolate' in a psychrophilic, acid‐fast bacterium, <i>Rhodococcus aurantiacus (Gordona aurantiaca)</i>

Tomiyasu, Ikuko; Yoshinaga, Junji; Kurano, F; Kato, Yoshiko; Kaneda, Kenji; Imaizun, Sadao; Yano, Ikuya

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(86)80750-5

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Strains identified as "Streptomyces candidus" from the purulent exudate of a fractured patella, "Streptomyces gedaensis" from sputum and abscesses, "Streptomyces horton" from pus, and "Streptomyces willmorei" from streptothricosis of the liver have also been reported (316). The (205,467,589,590). It was first discovered in humans in 1971 by Tsukamura closely related to T. paurometabola; however, the members of the genomic species of T wratislaviensis have DNA that is less rich in guanine plus cytosine than the DNA of the members of the genomic species of T. paurometabola.…”

Section: Opportunistic Pathogenic Actinomycetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology

1994

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The aerobic actinomycetes are soil-inhabiting microorganisms that occur worldwide. In 1888, Nocard first recognized the pathogenic potential of this group of microorganisms. Since then, several aerobic actinomycetes have been a major source of interest for the commercial drug industry and have proved to be extremely useful microorganisms for producing novel antimicrobial agents. They have also been well known as potential veterinary pathogens affecting many different animal species. The medically important aerobic actinomycetes may cause significant morbidity and mortality, in particular in highly susceptible severely immunocompromised patients, including transplant recipients and patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. However, the diagnosis of these infections may be difficult, and effective antimicrobial therapy may be complicated by antimicrobial resistance. The taxonomy of these microorganisms has been problematic. In recent revisions of their classification, new pathogenic species have been recognized. The development of additional and more reliable diagnostic tests and of a standardized method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the application of molecular techniques for the diagnosis and subtyping of these microorganisms are needed to better diagnose and treat infected patients and to identify effective control measures for these unusual pathogens. We review the epidemiology and microbiology of the major medically important aerobic actinomycetes.

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Section: Opportunistic Pathogenic Actinomycetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology

1994

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“…These mycoloyl residues are attached to 2, 3, and 6' position of trehalose (25). We have also shown that this unique glycolipid possessed a potent granuloma-forming activity in lungs and spleen of mice, when administered in liposomes intravenously (30).…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…According to our previous paper (25), G. aurantiaca strain 80005 (provided by Dr. M. Tsukamura, National Sanatorium Chubu Hospital) was cultivated at 30 C, aerobically for 7 days in a medium containing 1 % glucose, 0.5% peptone, and 0.2% yeast extract. Cells were harvested and the lipids were extracted with chloroform/methanol (2 :1, v/v).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lipids were separated on the thin-layer plate of silica gel (Uniplate, Analtec, U.S.A.) with chloroform/methanol/ acetone/acetic acid (90:10:6:1, v/v). Each glycolipid (trehalose 6-monomycolate (GaTMM), trehalose 2,6'-dimycolate (GaTDM), and trehalose 2,3,6'-trimycolate (GaGM)) was identified by GC/MS (Hitachi M-80-B, Japan) analysis of alditol acetates obtained by the mild permethylation, methanolysis and reduction as reported previously (25). Mycolic acids were identified as TMS derivatives of methyl esters by GC/MS with a column (3 mm •~ 0.5 m) coated with 1 OV-1 at the temperature of 310 C, as reported previously (24).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induction of Interferons (IFNs) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) in Mice by a Novel Glycolipid Trehalose 2,3,6′‐Trimycolate from Rhodococcus aurantiacus (Gordona aurantiaca)

Fujita¹,

Sugimoto²,

Yokoi³

et al. 1990

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…Trehalose is also found in a variety of actinomycetes and related bacteria including species of the genera Streptomyces, Nocardia, Mycobacterium, and Corynebacterium (13); Frankia (25); Micromonospora (11); Arthrobacter (33); Cellulomonas (29); Micrococcus (1); Microbacterium (37); Bacterionema (30); Propionibacterium (31); and Rhodococcus (35). Trehalose accumulation appears to be characteristic of these bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of intracellular trehalose content on Streptomyces griseus spores

McBride

Ensign

1987

J Bacteriol

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The disaccharide trehalose is accumulated as a storage product by spores of Streptomyces griseus. Growth on media containing excess glucose yielded spores containing up to 25% of their dry weight as trehalose. Spores containing as little as 1% of their dry weight as trehalose were obtained during growth on media containing a limiting amount of glucose. Spores containing low levels of trehalose accumulated this sugar when incubated with glucose. The increase in trehalose content coincided with increases in spore refractility, heat resistance, desiccation resistance, and the time required for spore germination in complex media. Trehalose is accumulated by a wide variety of actinomycetes and related bacteria and may be partially responsible for their resistance properties.The life cycle of members of the genus Streptomyces is characterized by vegetative mycelial growth followed by the formation of chains of unicellular spores (15,19). These spores are dormant cells which are relatively resistant to desiccation, sonic vibration, enzymatic digestion, and exposure to moderately high temperatures.Trehalose (a-D-glucopyranosyl-a-D-glucopyranoside) is an important storage compound of the streptomycetes (12) and is particularly abundant in spores (4,15). Trehalose is also a common reserve material in the dormant spores and cysts of fungi and other lower eucaryotic organisms (7,13). The accumulation of trehalose sugar by a wide variety of desiccation-resistant eucaryotic and procaryotic organisms suggests that the sugar may play some common role associated with the resistance properties of these organisms. The level of resistance to heat or desiccation of a variety of organisms correlates with their trehalose content (5,7,14,39). Trehalose protects biological membranes against the deleterious effects of dehydration (7). The resistance properties of the organisms that accumulate this sugar may be attributed in part to this protective interaction.Streptomyces spores provide an interesting experimental system for studying trehalose accumulation and catabolism. The trehalose content of streptomycete spores varies with the sporulation conditions (20,22 10 mM MOPS buffer (pH 7.0). Spores were incubated in the germination medium at a final concentration of 2 x 108/ml at 33°C for 3 to 4 h. The germinated spores were harvested by centrifugation, washed 3 times with 10 mM MOPS buffer (pH 7.0), and inoculated into DMC at a final concentration of 5 x 106 spores per ml. All cultures were incubated at 30°C unless stated otherwise.Mycelia were harvested from liquid culture by centrifugation for 10 min at 10,000 x g at 4°C. Spores were harvested from solid media as described previously (18)

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Occurrence of a novel glycolipid, 'trehalose 2,3,6'‐trimycolate' in a psychrophilic, acid‐fast bacterium, Rhodococcus aurantiacus (Gordona aurantiaca)

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology

The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology

Induction of Interferons (IFNs) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) in Mice by a Novel Glycolipid Trehalose 2,3,6′‐Trimycolate from Rhodococcus aurantiacus (Gordona aurantiaca)

Effects of intracellular trehalose content on Streptomyces griseus spores

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