Occurrence of a Third Race of Fusarium Wilt of Tomatoes in Queensland

Grattidge, R.; O'Brien, R. G.

doi:10.1094/pd-66-165

Cited by 79 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Disease index was formulated to assess the disease infestation, 50 days after inoculation by using the following scale (Grattidge and O'Brien 1982): 0, (0-24%) of leaves yellowed and wilted; 1, (25-49%) of leaves yellowed and wilted; 2, (50-74%) of leaves yellowed and wilted; 3, (75-99%) of leaves yellowed and wilted; 4, (100%) dead plant.…”

Section: Disease Severity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Fungicides on Fusarium Oxysporum F. SP. Lycopersici Associated with Fusarium Wilt of Tomato

Amini¹,

Sidovich²

2010

Journal of Plant Protection Research

126

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Tomato fusarium wilt is considered as one of the most important diseases of tomato both in field and greenhouse -grown tomatoes worldwide. In presented research, six fungicides; benomyl, carbendazim, prochloraz, fludioxonil, bromuconazole and azoxystrobin, were evaluated for their efficacy against the disease casual agent Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in vitro and in vivo. Seven different concentration (0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 µg/ml) were used for assessment of their inhibitory activities against the pathogen through mycelial growth inhibition on potato media. Four concentrations of above mentioned fungicides (0.1, 1. 10 and 100 µg/ml) were tested for controlling Fusarium wilt on tomato plants in glasshouse. Fungal radial growth was measured and median effective concentration (EC 50 ) values (µg/ml) determined. The result of glasshouse tests revealed a different degree of efficacy of all tested fungicides in reducing disease infestation. Prochloraz and bromuconazole were the most effective fungicides against the pathogen both in vitro and in vivo, followed by benomyl and carbendazim. All other fungicides were less effective. Conserning the application date of fungicides it was shown that they were less effective when applied 7 days after tomato plant infection, compared with 1 day prior infection. No phytotoxic symptoms were observed after the application of prochloraz, bromuconazol and benomyl when used at recommended doses, especially on seedlings. However both fungicides fludioxonil and bromuconazole were shown to be phototoxic to tomato seedlings.

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Section: Disease Severity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Fungicides on Fusarium Oxysporum F. SP. Lycopersici Associated with Fusarium Wilt of Tomato

Amini¹,

Sidovich²

2010

Journal of Plant Protection Research

126

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“…Three physiological races of FOL have been identified based on their pathogenicity to tomato cultivars carrying dominant, race-specific resistance genes. Race 1 had been the prevalent race since the late 19th century, when Fusarium wilt was first described, until the discovery and introgression of the first R gene against race 1 (13); race 2 was first reported in 1945 in Ohio (14), whereas race 3 was first reported in 1978 in Australia (15). The interaction between tomato and races of FOL fits the so-called gene-for-gene model (1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Multiple Evolutionary Trajectories Have Led to the Emergence of Races in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

Biju

Fokkens

Houterman

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Race 1 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) are characterized by the presence of AVR1 in their genomes. The product of this gene, Avr1, triggers resistance in tomato cultivars carrying resistance gene I. In FOL race 2 and race 3 isolates, AVR1 is absent, and hence they are virulent on tomato cultivars carrying I. In this study, we analyzed an approximately 100-kb genomic fragment containing the AVR1 locus of FOL race 1 isolate 004 (FOL004) and compared it to the sequenced genome of FOL race 2 isolate 4287 (FOL4287). A genomic fragment of 31 kb containing AVR1 was found to be missing in FOL4287. Further analysis suggests that race 2 evolved from race 1 by deletion of this 31-kb fragment due to a recombination event between two transposable elements bordering the fragment. A worldwide collection of 71 FOL isolates representing races 1, 2, and 3, all known vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs), and five continents was subjected to PCR analysis of the AVR1 locus, including the two bordering transposable elements. Based on phylogenetic analysis using the EF1-␣ gene, five evolutionary lineages for FOL that correlate well with VCGs were identified. More importantly, we show that FOL races evolved in a stepwise manner within each VCG by the loss of function of avirulence genes in a number of alternative ways.IMPORTANCE Plant-pathogenic microorganisms frequently mutate to overcome disease resistance genes that have been introduced in crops. For the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, the causal agent of Fusarium wilt in tomato, we have identified the nature of the mutations that have led to the overcoming of the I and I-2 resistance genes in all five known clonal lineages, which include a newly discovered lineage. Five different deletion events, at least several of which are caused by recombination between transposable elements, have led to loss of AVR1 and overcoming of I. Two new events affecting AVR2 that led to overcoming of I-2 have been identified. We propose a reconstruction of the evolution of races in FOL, in which the same mutations in AVR2 and AVR3 have occurred in different lineages and the FOL pathogenicity chromosome has been transferred to new lineages several times.

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“…lycopersici, FOL) causes vascular wilt in tomato and has three reported races (Alexander and Tucker 1945;Bohn and Tucker 1939;Grattidge and O'Brien 1982). Race specificity of fusarium resistance has apparently evolved after tomato speciation because resistance to the different races has been identified in two wild tomato species Solanum pimpinellifolium (resistance to race 1 and 2), and S. pennellii (resistance to race 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of SRAP, SRAP-RGA, RAPD and SCAR markers linked with a Fusarium wilt resistance gene in eggplant

Mutlu

Boyaci²,

Göçmen³

et al. 2008

Theor Appl Genet

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This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biochemistry, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska -Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biochemistry --Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of NebraskaLincoln.Mutlu, Nedim; Boyacı, Filiz Hatice; Göçmen, Münevver; and Abak, Kazım, "Development of SRAP, SRAP-RGA, RAPD, and SCAR markers linked with a Fusarium wilt resistance gene in eggplant" (2008). Biochemistry --Faculty Publications. 91.

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Occurrence of a Third Race of Fusarium Wilt of Tomatoes in Queensland

Cited by 79 publications

References 0 publications

The Effects of Fungicides on Fusarium Oxysporum F. SP. Lycopersici Associated with Fusarium Wilt of Tomato

The Effects of Fungicides on Fusarium Oxysporum F. SP. Lycopersici Associated with Fusarium Wilt of Tomato

Multiple Evolutionary Trajectories Have Led to the Emergence of Races in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

Development of SRAP, SRAP-RGA, RAPD and SCAR markers linked with a Fusarium wilt resistance gene in eggplant

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