Occurrence of brominated diphenyl ethers, dibenzo- p- dioxins and dibenzofurans in foam materials in scrapped car seats from 1985 to 2012

Characterization and Photodegradation of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Car Seat Fabrics from End-of-Life Vehicles

“…This congener pattern indicates the use of commercial PentaBDE formulations. The concentrations of other PBDEs excluding BDE-209 in our study (0–7.7 mg g –1 ) are in agreement with the concentrations reported recently for samples collected from ELVs (0.000013–1.4 mg g –1 ) . It is also interesting to note that the only fabric samples that contained detectable levels of tetraBDE and pentaBDE are S4 and S6 which exhibit the highest levels of PBDEs in PUF.…”

“…This finding associated with the low level detected of BDE-209 in these samples suggests that BDE-209 has been degraded over the lifetime of the vehicles. Moreover, among other PBDEs, several hydroxylated PBDEs products, and brominated dibenzofurans and brominated dioxins were detected, which is consistent with previously reported data . The chemical structures of these compounds are presented in Table .…”

“…Nine fabric samples and seven polyurethane foams (PUF) were received for testing. They were collected within a larger study by Redin et al on ELVs and scrapped in 2012 at two car dismantling facilities in Sweden . The selection of samples in their study was based on the car association BIL Sweden’s sale statistics of the most sold brands and models, manufactured on average 17 years before scrapping.…”

“…They were collected within a larger study by Redin et al on ELVs and scrapped in 2012 at two car dismantling facilities in Sweden. 37 The selection of samples in their study was based on the car association BIL Sweden's sale statistics of the most sold brands and models, manufactured on average 17 years before scrapping. All of the samples selected for this study were taken from 1989 to 1998 models.…”

“…The European ELV Directive (2000/53/EC) requires Member States to achieve a reuse and recovery rate of 95% for all ELVs by average weight by 2015. Several previous studies show that PBDEs can be found at concerning levels in car interiors, ASR and electronics of ELVs. ,− The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of PBDEs in car seat fabrics collected from ELVs and to better understand the role of photolysis in the formation of brominated byproducts. Real and spiked car seat fabric samples were irradiated in the laboratory and under sunlight.…”