Occurrence of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Generally HealthyWomen With Exophytic Vulvar Condyloma Acuminata

Abstract

AIM: To disclose possible association between exophytic vulvar condyloma acuminata and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in generally healthy, sexually active women. METHODS: This retrospective study included 74 patients (study group) who were referred for laser vaporization therapy of exophytic vulvar condyloma acuminata, and 88 asymptomatic volunteers without evidence of exophytic vulvar condyloma acuminata (control group) who were referred for screening Papanicolaou (Pap) test cervical evaluation including colposcopy. The diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was based on Pap smear, colposcopy and/or biopsy. RESULTS: On Pap smear, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were found in 10 (13.5%) women with exophytic vulvar condyloma acuminata and in 2 (2.3%) asymptomatic volunteers (p < 0.05). Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was found in 8 women with exophytic vulvar condyloma acuminata and in none of the asymptomatic volunteers (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: An association was found between exophytic vulvar condyloma acuminata and abnormal Pap smear or positive cervical biopsy, in generally healthy women.

Quantifying the Effects of Medical Examination and Possible Risk Factors against the Incidence of Cervical Cancer in a Low Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Coverage: An Ecological Study in Japan

“…The former is consistent with the reported results in previous studies that show that people with a higher economic status showed lower risk of development of CC [68,69]. Similar results have been widely reported from population studies in low-income group countries [51], but our results revealed that the same phenomenon exists in Japan, a highincome group country. Although there may be possible confounding factors, such as the awareness of HPV risk being lower in prefectures with lower economic status, governments in those prefectures need to put further effort into the prevention of CC.…”

“…In the result of negative binomial GLMs, the positive contribution of Chlamydia in females and Gonorrhea in males was observed. The positive associations between the incidence of STDs and that of CC have often been reported in previous studies [47][48][49][50][51][52] as associations between HPV and other STDs, globally. In particular, Chlamydia and Herpes-simplex infections have often been listed as risk factors for HPV infection in a prospective cohort study [43] and a retrospective cross-sectional study [47].…”

Number of External Anogenital Warts is Associated with the Occurrence of Abnormal Cervical Cytology

“…The oncogenic HPVs such as HPV 16 and 18 are related to malignancies of cervix, vagina, vulva and anus. This suggests that multiple infections of HPVs are common as being supported by previous studies that 11.7-32.1% of women with AGWs had abnormal cervical cytology or histology (Handley et al, 1992;Li et al, 2003;Sadan et al, 2005;Milojkovic et al, 2011). However, since the quadrivalent HPV vaccine has been launched, the incidence of AGWs declines dramatically (Korostil et al, 2013).…”

Risk of CIN2+ following a diagnosis of genital warts: a nationwide cohort study

“…2 However, since screening could considerably affect the incidence of cervical cancer, studies of precancerous lesions may provide a more exact estimate of the actual association. So far, knowledge on the associations between GWs and cervical precancers has predominantly originated from case-control studies, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and only rarely from cohort studies. 11 These studies have been limited by small sample sizes, selected groups of women and/or lack of generalisability to the general population.…”