Occurrence of emerging flame retardants from e-waste recycling activities in the northern part of Vietnam

Someya, Masayuki; Suzuki, Go; Ionas, Alin C.; Tue, Nguyen Minh; Xu, Feng; Matsukami, Hidenori; Tuyến, Le Huu; Viet, Pham Hung; Takahashi, Shin; Tanabe, Shinsuke; Takigami, Hidetaka

doi:10.1016/j.emcon.2015.10.002

Cited by 53 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…[111,112].  Evidence of PAHs in children's blood [122], adult urine [123], and hair [124]  Evidence in soils and dusts provided by several authors, all of whom detected levels exceeding USEPA soil screening levels five to thirty times [52,64,67,107] with one exception where levels were lower than the open burning sites elsewhere [107].  Non-carcinogenic risk determined by one author [67] who scored it low in all but one example in this source pathway reception context.…”

Section: Risk Characterisation Of Substances Emitted From Open Burninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… n/a  Evidence in soils and dusts provided by several authors, all of whom detected levels exceeding USEPA soil screening levels by five to thirty times [52,64,67,107] with one exception where levels were lower than the open burning sites elsewhere [107].  Non-carcinogenic risk scored high and extremely high for informal recycling workers in one Nigerian study [67] and carcinogenic risk scored high in one example in the same study Abbreviations: likelihood (L); severity (S); risk (R); hazard being assessed (Haz.…”

Section: Risk Characterisation Of Substances Emitted From Open Burninmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Thermal deconstruction, open burning and disposal of e-waste without pollution control: A systematic review of risks to occupational and public health

Cook¹,

Velis²,

Gerassimidou³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The critical functionality provided by the informal e-waste recycling sector to the global circular economy is marred by the hazardous emissions from this practice when it is carried out under informal and unregulated conditions in the Global South. Here, we focus a systematic review (PRISMA) of evidence specifically on rudimentary thermal processing activities that are carried out to disassemble and recover metals bonded into the complex assemblies and composites of electrical and electronic products and items. We identified main combinations of hazard-pathway-receptor (H-P-R) associated with exposure to risk and ranked them to indicate severity and prioritise research needs and interventions. Two practices, open burning and heating/melting/roasting are highly efficient in comparison to mechanical disassembly of many components and materials, presenting a challenge for actors who want to discourage them. Yet, these activities result in significant and very serious potential health effects as evidenced by 48 references screened and critically assessed. Though a large body of research exists that report observations of potentially hazardous substances in environmental media and human bodies, there is an abject paucity of reliable or even indicative data to indicate the scale of the e-waste processing activity. Moreover, the concentrations measured in almost all studies suffer from a multiplicity of confounding activities, creating challenges regarding identifying the activity source. System level interventions should be designed to effectively mitigate the risk, whilst rapidly transitioning to low-risk processing with effective pollution abatement in place and safe systems of work.

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Section: Risk Characterisation Of Substances Emitted From Open Burninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Characterisation Of Substances Emitted From Open Burninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal deconstruction, open burning and disposal of e-waste without pollution control: A systematic review of risks to occupational and public health

Cook¹,

Velis²,

Gerassimidou³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In an informal recycling site in the northern part of Vietnam, NBFRs were released into the environment. Soil and sediment around manual dismantling workshops and open burning areas were found to contain higher levels of DBDPE (up to 4200 ng g −1 ), BTBPE (up to 350 ng g −1 ), and DPs (up to 65 ng g −1 ) [144,145].…”

Section: Halogenated Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global occurrence, chemical properties, and ecological impacts of e-wastes (IUPAC Technical Report)

Purchase

Abbasi

Bisschop

et al. 2020

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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The waste stream of obsolete electronic equipment grows exponentially, creating a worldwide pollution and resource problem. Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) comprises a heterogeneous mix of glass, plastics (including flame retardants and other additives), metals (including rare Earth elements), and metalloids. The e-waste issue is complex and multi-faceted. In examining the different aspects of e-waste, informal recycling in developing countries has been identified as a primary concern, due to widespread illegal shipments; weak environmental, as well as health and safety, regulations; lack of technology; and inadequate waste treatment structure. For example, Nigeria, Ghana, India, Pakistan, and China have all been identified as hotspots for the disposal of e-waste. This article presents a critical examination on the chemical nature of e-waste and the resulting environmental impacts on, for example, microbial biodiversity, flora, and fauna in e-waste recycling sites around the world. It highlights the different types of risk assessment approaches required when evaluating the ecological impact of e-waste. Additionally, it presents examples of chemistry playing a role in potential solutions. The information presented here will be informative to relevant stakeholders seeking to devise integrated management strategies to tackle this global environmental concern.

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“…Organophosphate flame retardants are widely used in materials encountered in daily living such as textiles, furniture, carpets, electronics and building insulation, and they are released in large quantities during the process of use, disposal and recycling [114,115]. Therefore, such flame retardants are ubiquitous in non-biological and biological environments [116,117].…”

Section: Detection Of Organophosphate Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of a Class of Emerging Contaminants: The Classification, Distribution, Intensity of Consumption, Synthesis Routes, Environmental Effects and Expectation of Pollution Abatement to Organophosphate Flame Retardants (OPFRs)

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2019

IJMS

183

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Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) have been detected in various environmental matrices and have been identified as emerging contaminants (EC). Given the adverse influence of OPFRs, many researchers have focused on the absorption, bioaccumulation, metabolism, and internal exposure processes of OPFRs in animals and humans. This paper first reviews the evolution of various types of flame retardants (FRs) and the environmental pollution of OPFRs, the different absorption pathways of OPFRs by animals and humans (such as inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption and absorption), and then summarizes the environmental impacts of OPFRs, including their biological toxicity, bioaccumulation, persistence, migration, endocrine disruption and carcinogenicity. Based on limited available data and results, this study also summarizes the bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential of OPFRs in different types of biological and food nets. In addition, a new governance idea for the replacement of existing OPFRs from the source is proposed, seeking environmentally friendly alternatives to OPFRs in order to provide new ideas and theoretical guidance for the removal of OPFRs.

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Occurrence of emerging flame retardants from e-waste recycling activities in the northern part of Vietnam

Cited by 53 publications

References 50 publications

Thermal deconstruction, open burning and disposal of e-waste without pollution control: A systematic review of risks to occupational and public health

Thermal deconstruction, open burning and disposal of e-waste without pollution control: A systematic review of risks to occupational and public health

Global occurrence, chemical properties, and ecological impacts of e-wastes (IUPAC Technical Report)

A Review of a Class of Emerging Contaminants: The Classification, Distribution, Intensity of Consumption, Synthesis Routes, Environmental Effects and Expectation of Pollution Abatement to Organophosphate Flame Retardants (OPFRs)

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