Occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Salmonella enterica in northern Spain with evidence of CTX-M-9 clonal spread among animals and humans

Riaño, I.; García-Campello, Marta; Sáenz, Yolanda; Álvarez, Patricia; Vinué, Laura; Lantero, M; Moreno, Miguel A.; Zarazaga, Myriam; Torres, Carmén

doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02673.x

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The observation of a low rate of "obvious" resistance to fluoroquinolones is in accordance with data from other European countries [4,5]. As we discovered only two ESBL producing isolates in the years 2005 and 2006, the occurrence of such strains in Switzerland are rather rare events compared to other European countries [5,11,23]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Salmonella entericaserotype Virchow associated with human infections in Switzerland: 2004-2009

et al. 2011

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BackgroundSalmonellosis is one of the most important foodborne diseases and a major threat to public health. Salmonella serotype Virchow ranks among the top five serovars in Europe.MethodA total of 153 strains isolated from different patients from 2004 through 2009 in Switzerland were further characterized by (i) assessing phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiles using the disk diffusion method and (ii) by genotyping using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after macrorestriction with XbaI in order to evaluate strain relationship.ResultsThe relative frequency of S. Virchow among other Salmonella serovars varied between 4th to 8th rank. The annual incidence ranged from 0.45/100'000 in 2004 to 0.40/100'000 in 2009. A total of 48 strains (32%) were resistant to one to 3 antimicrobials, 54 strains (36%) displayed resistance patterns to more than three antibiotics. No trend was identifiable over the years 2004 to 2009. We found a high prevalence (62%) of nalidixic acid resistant strains, suggesting an equally high rate of decreased fluoroqionolone susceptibility, whereas intermediate resistance to ciprofloxacin was negligible. Two strains were extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Analysis of PFGE patterns uncovered a predominant cluster (similarity coefficient above 80%) consisting of 104 of the 153 strains.ConclusionThe worldwide increase of antibiotic resistances in Salmonella is an emerging public health problem. For Switzerland, no clear trend is identifiable over the years 2004 to 2009 for S. Virchow. Antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance profiles varied considerably within this period. Nevertheless, the situation in Switzerland coincided with findings in other European countries. Genotyping results of this strain collection revealed no evidence for an undetected outbreak within this time period.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Salmonella entericaserotype Virchow associated with human infections in Switzerland: 2004-2009

et al. 2011

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“…(Cloeckaert et al, 2007) Infantis bla Poultry, Swine Yes France, Belgium, Japan (Cloeckaert et al, 2007;Dahshan et al, 2010;Yang et al, 2010) Virchow bla CTX-M-2 , bla CTX-M-9 Poultry Yes Spain, France (Bertrand et al, 2006;Riano et al, 2009;Riano et al, 2006;Weill et al, 2004). Westhampton/ Senftenberg bla Cockles No French supermarkets (Doublet et al, 2009) Heidelberg bla CMY-2 Imported live animals, meat consumption, unpasteurized dairy products Yes EU, USA Folster et al, 2009 (Carattoli, 2009;Golebiewski et al, 2007) IncHI2…”

Section: Plasmidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some examples are the dissemination of CTX-M-2-producing S. Virchow isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in Belgium and France (Bertrand et al, 2006), the spread of the related serovars Westhampton and Senftenberg producing CTX-M-53 among living cockles in French supermarkets (Doublet et al, 2009), the detection of CTX-M-9 S. Virchow producers from human and poultry origins with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)-indistinguishable patterns (Riano et al, 2009), or the spread of MDR S. Infantis carrying IncIbla TEM-52 in Belgium and France (Cloeckaert et al, 2007). The spread of MDR clones Salmonella serovars.…”

Section: Salmonellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the public health risks of bacterial strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases and/or AmpC β-lactamases in food and food-producing animals

2011

EFSA Journal

246

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The potential contribution of food-producing animals or foods to public health risks by ESBL and/or AmpCproducing bacteria is related to specific plasmid-mediated ESBL and/or AmpC genes encoded by a number of organisms. The predominant ESBL families encountered are CTX-M, TEM, and SHV; the predominant AmpCfamily is CMY. The most common genes associated with this resistance in animals are bla CTX-M-1 (the most commonly identified ESBL), and bla CTX-M-14 , followed by bla and bla Among the genes encoding AmpC-type β-lactamases, bla CMY-2 is the most common.The bacterial species most commonly identified with these genes are Escherichia coli and non-typhoidal Salmonella. ESBL/AmpC transmission is mainly driven by integrons, insertion sequences, transposons and plasmids, some of which are homologous in isolates from both food-production animals and humans. Cefotaxime is used as the drug of choice for optimum detection of bla ESBL and/or bla AmpC genes. The preferred method for isolation of ESBL-and/or AmpC-producers is screening on selective agar preceded by selective enrichment in a broth.The establishment of risk factors for occurrence of ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria is particularly complicated by the data unavailability or lack of its accuracy. The use of antimicrobials is a risk factor for the selection and spread of resistant clones, resistance genes and plasmids. Since most ESBL-and AmpC-producing strains carry additional resistances to other commonly-used veterinary drugs, generic antimicrobial use is a risk factor for ESBL/AmpC and it is not restricted specifically to the use of cephalosporins. An additional risk factor is extensive trade of animals in EU MS. There are no data on the comparative efficiency of individual control options in reducing public health risks caused by ESBL and/or AmpC-producing bacteria related to food-producing animals. Prioritisation is complex, but it is considered that a highly effective control option would be to stop all uses of cephalosporins/systemically active 3 rd /4 th generation cephalosporins, or to restrict their use (use only allowed under specific circumstances). As co-resistance is an important issue, it is also of high priority to decrease the total antimicrobial use in animal production in the EU. KEY WORDSResistance, ESBLs, AmpC, occurrence, transmission, control options, public health microbiology. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) was asked to deliver a Scientific Opinion on the public health risks of bacterial strains producing extended-spectrum beta (β)-lactamases (ESBL) and/or AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC) in food and foodproducing animals. In particular, the Panel was asked: (i) to propose a definition of the ESBL-and/or AmpC-producing bacterial strains and genes relevant for public health and linked to food-producing animals or food borne transmission; (ii) to review the information on the epidemiology of acquired resistance to broad spectrum cephalosporins including the genes coding for ...

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“…ESBL resistance has recently been detected in many countries worldwide in various serotypes of salmonella strains exhibiting such resistance have been detected in both humans and animals in Europe (Bertrand, S et al, 2006;EMEA, 2009;Riano, I et al, 2009). In Belgium and France, a cephalosporin-resistant S. Virchow clone (carrying CTX-M-2) was found in poultry, poultry products and humans in 2000-2003.…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Opinion on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) focused on zoonotic infections

2009

EFSA Journal

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Occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Salmonella enterica in northern Spain with evidence of CTX-M-9 clonal spread among animals and humans

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Salmonella entericaserotype Virchow associated with human infections in Switzerland: 2004-2009

Salmonella entericaserotype Virchow associated with human infections in Switzerland: 2004-2009

Scientific Opinion on the public health risks of bacterial strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases and/or AmpC β-lactamases in food and food-producing animals

Joint Opinion on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) focused on zoonotic infections

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