1931
DOI: 10.1021/ie50261a007
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Occurrence of Fluorides in some Waters of the United States

Abstract: Investigators of the dental defect known as mottled enamel seem to agree on two points: the defect occurs in certain geographical areas, and the causal factors seem to be associated with the water supply of those areas. Reference to the complete bibliography" on the subject compiled by Kempf and McKay show that no specific common characteristic of the waters from affected areas has been discovered. Following the publication referred to above, A. W. Petrey of this laboratory spectrographically discovered the pr… Show more

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Cited by 127 publications
(25 citation statements)
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“…Mottled enamel of human teeth is known to be caused by an excess of fluorine in the drinking water of regions in which this dental anomaly is endemic (5,11). It would be supposed that such teeth would contain a greater than the normal amount of fluorine, although this supposition has not been clearly demonstrated.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Mottled enamel of human teeth is known to be caused by an excess of fluorine in the drinking water of regions in which this dental anomaly is endemic (5,11). It would be supposed that such teeth would contain a greater than the normal amount of fluorine, although this supposition has not been clearly demonstrated.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is now more than 85 years since Black and McKay published the first articles on the occurrence of mottled enamel [1,2]. Some 15 years later, Churchill in 1931 [3] demonstrated a relationship between enamel mottling and water-borne fluoride. Confirmation that fluoride was the aetiological agent responsible for the Colorado brown stains originally described by McKay [2] came from Smith et al .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The discovery of the causal relationship of fluorine to mottled enamel (8,32) two years later led to numerous substantiating surveys of the fluorine content of water supplies and the resulting severity of mottled enamel, but the incidence of dental caries has not generally been reported. A notable exception is the observation by Arnim, Aberle, and Pitney (5) that of 1605 permanent incisors, 24 per cent having white spots in the enamel, none was carious.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%