Occurrence of HEV-RNA in Italian Regional Pork and Wild Boar Food Products

Montone, Angela Michela Immacolata; Sabato, Luca De; Suffredini, Elisabetta; Alise, Mosè; Zaccherini, Alessandra; Volzone, Palmiero; Maro, Orlandina Di; Neola, Benedetto; Capuano, Federico; Bartolo, Ilaria Di

doi:10.1007/s12560-019-09403-2

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Results are given in Table 2 . From these data evaluation, the Italian Public Health Minister purposed new guidelines for a safe domestic production (Montone et al , 2019 ).…”

Section: Meat Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus in the Food of Animal Origin: A Review

Ferri

Vergara

2021

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a cosmopolitan foodborne pathogen. The viral agent infects humans through the consumption of contaminated food (uncooked or undercooked). Most cases of infection are asymptomatic and for this reason, this pathology is considered underdiagnosed. Domestic and wild animals are considered natural reservoirs: that is, domestic pig, wild boar, sheep, goat, deer, rabbit, and so on. Therefore, various work categories are at risk: that is, veterinarians, farmers, hunters, slaughterhouse workers, and so on. In these last decades, researchers found a high percentage of positivity to the molecular viral detection in several food matrices included: ready-to-eat products, processed meat products, milk, and shellfish. This review aims to provide an international scenario regarding HEV ribonucleic acid (RNA) detection in several foodstuffs. From this investigative perspective, the study aims to highlight various gaps of the current knowledge about technologies treatments' impact on viral loads. The purpose was also to provide an innovative point of view ''One Health''-based, pointing out the strategic role of environmental safety.

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“…Results are given in Table 2 . From these data evaluation, the Italian Public Health Minister purposed new guidelines for a safe domestic production (Montone et al , 2019 ).…”

Section: Meat Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus in the Food of Animal Origin: A Review

Ferri

Vergara

2021

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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“…In addition, several unassigned subtypes and uncommon strains have been recently proposed (Smith et al, 2016). HEV-3c, HEV-3e, and HEV-3f have been reported not only in humans and animals (pigs and wild boar) but also in contaminated food items of pork (pig liver sausage) and wild boar (sausages) (Colson et al, 2010;Di Bartolo et al, 2015;Garbuglia et al, 2015;Montone et al, 2019) and in the environment (Di Profio et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of HEV Genotype 3 in Italy at Human/Animal Interface

et al. 2020

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging public health issue in industrialized countries. In the last decade the number of autochthonous human infections has increased in Europe. Genotype 3 (HEV-3) is typically zoonotic, being foodborne the main route of transmission to humans, and is the most frequently detected in Europe in both humans and animals (mainly pigs and wild boars). In Italy, the first autochthonous human case was reported in 1999; since then, HEV-3 has been widely detected in both humans and animals. Despite the zoonotic characteristic of HEV-3 is well established, the correlation between animal and human strains has been poorly investigated in Italy. In the present study, we compared the subtype distribution of HEV-3 in humans and animals (swine and wild boar) in the period 2000-2018 from Italy. The dataset for this analysis included a total of 96 Italian ORF2 sequences (300 nt long), including both NCBI databasederived (n = 64) and recent sequences (2016-2018, n = 32) obtained in this study. The results show that subtype 3f is the most frequent in humans and pigs, followed by the HEV-3e, HEV-3c and other unassignable HEV-3 strains. Diversely, in wild boar a wider group of HEV-3 subtypes have been detected, including HEV-3a, which has also been detected for the first time in a human patient in Central Italy in 2017, and a wide group of unassignable HEV-3 strains. The phylogenetic analysis including, besides Italian strains, also sequences from other countries retrieved from the NCBI database, indicated that human Italian sequences, in particular those of HEV-3f and HEV-3e, form significant clusters mainly with sequences of animal origin from the same country. Nevertheless, for HEV-3c, rarely detected in Italian pigs, human sequences from Italy are more correlated to human sequences from other European countries. Furthermore, clusters of nearidentical human strains identified in a short time interval in Lazio Region (Central Italy) can be recognized in the phylogenetic tree, suggesting that multiple infections originating from a common source have occurred, and confirming the importance of sequencing support to HEV surveillance.

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“…Overall, HEV is highly disseminated in the swine population throughout Brazil and might present a risk to animal handlers and pork consumers, mainly if pork meat and meat products are eaten raw or undercooked. The presence of HEV in pigs and derived pig products has been widely reported in other countries [ 84 , 88 , 89 , 90 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of Hepatitis E Virus in Brazil: A One-Health Approach of the Human-Animal-Environment Triad

Moraes

Mesquita

Dutra

et al. 2021

Animals

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Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world with diverse socioeconomic and sanitary conditions, also being the fourth largest pig producer in the world. The aim of the present systematic review was to collect and summarize all HEV published data from Brazil (from 1995 to October 2020) performed in humans, animals, and the environment, in a One Health perspective. A total of 2173 papers were retrieved from five search databases (LILACs, Mendeley, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) resulting in 71 eligible papers after application of exclusion/inclusion criteria. Data shows that HEV genotype 3 (HEV-3) was the only retrieved genotype in humans, animals, and environment in Brazil. The South region showed the highest human seroprevalence and also the highest pig density and industry, suggesting a zoonotic link. HEV-1 and 2 were not detected in Brazil, despite the low sanitary conditions of some regions. From the present review we infer that HEV epidemiology in Brazil is similar to that of industrialized countries (only HEV-3, swine reservoirs, no waterborne transmission, no association with low sanitary conditions). Hence, we alert for the implementation of HEV surveillance systems in swine and for the consideration of HEV in the diagnostic routine of acute and chronic hepatitis in humans.

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Occurrence of HEV-RNA in Italian Regional Pork and Wild Boar Food Products

Cited by 35 publications

References 31 publications

Hepatitis E Virus in the Food of Animal Origin: A Review

Hepatitis E Virus in the Food of Animal Origin: A Review

Molecular Characterization of HEV Genotype 3 in Italy at Human/Animal Interface

Systematic Review of Hepatitis E Virus in Brazil: A One-Health Approach of the Human-Animal-Environment Triad

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