“…Infection by these obligate root endoparasites is asymptomatic (Desoignies, 2012 Polymyxa betae is a well-defined species, whereas, in Px. graminis, five formae speciales or six ribotypes exist, with subtype classifications based on ecological, molecular and biological characteristics, including specificity in virus transmission (Cox et al, 2014;Dieryck et al, 2011;Kanyuka et al, 2003;Legreve et al, 2002;Smith et al, 2013;Vaianopoulos et al, 2007;Ward et al, 2005;Ziegler et al, 2016).…”