Occurrence of Infectious Myxomatosis in Southern California.

Kessel, John F.; Prouty, C. C.; Meyer, Jean-Philippe

doi:10.3181/00379727-28-5342

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In brush rabbits infected experimentally, most of the fibromas scabbed within four weeks, and thus became unsuitable for mosquito transmission, but some persisted for much longer providing a source of infection for 2–3 months [ 23 , 24 ]. It was suggested that MYXV was introduced to farmed European rabbits in California in 1928 via a shipment of rabbits from Mexico, and outbreaks were recorded in the early 1930s [ 8 , 25 , 26 ]. However, a sylvatic cycle in the brush rabbit population and mosquitoes was subsequently demonstrated [ 23 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Myxv and The Leporipoxvirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myxoma Virus and the Leporipoxviruses: An Evolutionary Paradigm

Kerr

Liu

Cattadori

et al. 2015

Viruses

100

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Myxoma virus (MYXV) is the type species of the Leporipoxviruses, a genus of Chordopoxvirinae, double stranded DNA viruses, whose members infect leporids and squirrels, inducing cutaneous fibromas from which virus is mechanically transmitted by biting arthropods. However, in the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), MYXV causes the lethal disease myxomatosis. The release of MYXV as a biological control for the wild European rabbit population in Australia, initiated one of the great experiments in evolution. The subsequent coevolution of MYXV and rabbits is a classic example of natural selection acting on virulence as a pathogen adapts to a novel host species. Slightly attenuated mutants of the progenitor virus were more readily transmitted by the mosquito vector because the infected rabbit survived longer, while highly attenuated viruses could be controlled by the rabbit immune response. As a consequence, moderately attenuated viruses came to dominate. This evolution of the virus was accompanied by selection for genetic resistance in the wild rabbit population, which may have created an ongoing co-evolutionary dynamic between resistance and virulence for efficient transmission. This natural experiment was repeated on a continental scale with the release of a separate strain of MYXV in France and its subsequent spread throughout Europe. The selection of attenuated strains of virus and resistant rabbits mirrored the experience in Australia in a very different environment, albeit with somewhat different rates. Genome sequencing of the progenitor virus and the early radiation, as well as those from the 1990s in Australia and Europe, has shown that although MYXV evolved at high rates there was no conserved route to attenuation or back to virulence. In contrast, it seems that these relatively large viral genomes have the flexibility for multiple pathways that converge on a similar phenotype.

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Section: Myxv and The Leporipoxvirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myxoma Virus and the Leporipoxviruses: An Evolutionary Paradigm

Kerr

Liu

Cattadori

et al. 2015

Viruses

100

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“…In Chile, the disease is considered endemic in the wild European rabbit population (Fenner and Ratcliffe, 1965). The disease was first recognized in North America in 1928 when natural outbreaks of a fatal disease of rabbits occurred in several rabbit colonies near San Diego, California (Kessel et al, 1931). The virus which caused the first outbreaks in southern California may have been introduced into the United States from Mexico by importation of infected domestic rabbits (Vail and McKenney, 1943).…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Diseases

Brabb

Giacomo

2012

The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents

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“…This outbreak was associated with high mortality and numerous mucinous skin masses on affected animals [16]. In 1928, myxoma virus was first recognized in North America when an outbreak of fatal disease was observed in California [17].…”

Section: Myxoma Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infection in the European or domesticated rabbit (O cuniculus) has been associated with systemic disease with mortality rates of up to 100% [19]; however, the presentation of disease depends greatly upon the strain of virus and the particular species of rabbit [20,21]. Typical skin lesions that are associated with disease in the domestic rabbit include edema of the eyelids, ears, nose, anus, and genitals; blepharoconjunctivitis; hemorrhage; and nodules on the ears, head, body, and legs at the site of infection that may become congested or necrotic [17,19,[22][23][24]. Histologically, the skin lesions consist of the proliferation of stellate (myxoma) mesenchymal cells surrounded by a mucinous matrix.…”

Section: Myxoma Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagnosis of rabbit fibroma virus is based upon clinical presentation and histopathologic examination of biopsied masses. Differentiation of rabbit fibroma virus from infection with myxomatosis and papillomatosis in the domestic rabbit should be accomplished readily based upon characteristic gross lesions [17]. Control of disease may be undertaken by limiting exposure to arthropod vectors.…”

Section: Rabbit (Shope) Fibroma Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viral diseases of the rabbit

Krogstad

Simpson

Korte

2005

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice

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Viral disease in the rabbit is encountered infrequently by the clinical practitioner; however, several viral diseases were reported to occur in this species. Viral diseases that are described in the rabbit primarily may affect the integument, gastrointestinal tract or, central nervous system or maybe multi-systemic in nature. Rabbit viral diseases range from oral papillomatosis, with benign clinical signs, to rabbit hemorrhagic disease and myxomatosis, which may result in significant clinical disease and mortality. The wild rabbit may serve as a reservoir for disease transmission for many of these viral agents. In general, treatment of viral disease in the rabbit is supportive in nature.

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Occurrence of Infectious Myxomatosis in Southern California.

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Myxoma Virus and the Leporipoxviruses: An Evolutionary Paradigm

Myxoma Virus and the Leporipoxviruses: An Evolutionary Paradigm

Viral Diseases

Viral diseases of the rabbit

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