Occurrence of major mycotoxins and their dietary exposure in North-Central Nigeria staples

Onyedum, S.C.; Adefolalu, Funmilola Sherifat; Muhammad, Hadiza Lami; Apeh, Daniel Ojochenemi; Agada, M.S.; Imienwanrin, M.R.; Makun, Hussaini Anthony

doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00188

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The focus on aflatoxin determination amidst many other mycotoxins emanated from its status as the most toxicologically important mycotoxin due to its categorization as Class 1 carcinogen [71]. In the present study, 98 % of the examined composite food samples contained aflatoxins; this is consistent with previous reports from Nigeria [20,72] and Kenya [73] that applied ELISA protocols in food analysis and reported aflatoxin incidence > 95 %. The aflatoxin incidence reported for pupuru in the present study is higher than the 30 % incidence previously reported [74].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Fungal Diversity and Aflatoxins in Cereals and Cassava-Based Foods From Ondo State, Nigeria

Do¹,

Kraak²,

Meijer³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cereals and cassava-based foods serve as major dietary sources for several households in Nigeria. However, these foods are highly prone to contamination by moulds and aflatoxins owing to poor storage and vending practices. We therefore studied the fungal diversity of maize, cassava-based flour (pupuru) and rice vended in markets from Ondo state, Nigeria, and assessed the aflatoxin levels of these using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Fungi were detected in 93 (88 %) of the 106 food samples. Molecular analysis of 65 representative isolates revealed 26 species belonging to 5 genera: Aspergillus (80.9 %), Penicillium (15.4 %) and Talaromyces (1.9 %) in the Ascomycota; Syncephalastrum (1.2 %) and Lichtheimia (0.6%) in Mucoromycota. Aspergillus flavus was the predominant species in the food samples. Aflatoxins were found in 98 % of the 42 representative food samples and about one half (49.8 %) exceeded the 10 μg/kg threshold adopted in Nigeria for total aflatoxins. Integrated mitigation options, including at post-harvest stages, are suggested to ensure consumer safety.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Fungal Diversity and Aflatoxins in Cereals and Cassava-Based Foods From Ondo State, Nigeria

Do¹,

Kraak²,

Meijer³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A similar diversity of mycotoxins and other metabolites was previously reported in cowpea [ 19 ], maize [ 8 , 13 , 15 ], peanut [ 14 ] and rice [ 20 ] in Nigeria and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], emphasizing that mycotoxin contamination of foods is an important food safety challenge that is yet to be solved in sub-Saharan Africa. To date, however, only few mycotoxins including AFs, FUM, OTA and ZEN determined by ELISA or thin-layer chromatography were reported in sorghum and millet in Nigeria [ 17 , 27 ]. Consequently, the present paper reports, for the first time, LC-MS/MS-based surveillance data of multiple mycotoxin contamination in sorghum in Nigeria.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to other regions in SSA, mycotoxin contamination of foods at unsafe levels is commonplace in Nigeria [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], with most reports covering foods consumed in the north-central region [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 16 , 17 ]. In one of the recent studies, more than 45% of grain-based uncooked flour (mostly from maize, rice and sorghum) contained at least two mycotoxins, including the carcinogenic AFB 1 and FB 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Risk Assessment and Consumer Awareness of Mycotoxins among Household Consumers of Cereals, Nuts and Legumes in North-Central Nigeria

Ezekiel

Ayeni

Akinyemi

et al. 2021

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study characterized the health risks due to the consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated foods and assessed the consumer awareness level of mycotoxins in households in two north-central Nigerian states during the harvest and storage seasons of 2018. Twenty-six mycotoxins and 121 other microbial and plant metabolites were quantified by LC-MS/MS in 250 samples of cereals, nuts and legumes. Aflatoxins were detected in all food types (cowpea, maize, peanut and sorghum) except in millet. Aflatoxin B1 was the most prevalent mycotoxin in peanut (64%) and rice (57%), while fumonisin B1 occurred most in maize (93%) and beauvericin in sorghum (71%). The total aflatoxin concentration was highest in peanut (max: 8422 µg/kg; mean: 1281 µg/kg) and rice (max: 955 µg/kg; mean: 94 µg/kg), whereas the totals of the B-type fumonisins and citrinin were highest in maize (max: 68,204 µg/kg; mean: 2988 µg/kg) and sorghum (max: 1335 µg/kg; mean: 186 µg/kg), respectively. Citrinin levels also reached 51,195 µg/kg (mean: 2343 µg/kg) in maize. Aflatoxin and citrinin concentrations in maize were significantly (p < 0.05) higher during storage than at harvest. The estimated chronic exposures to aflatoxins, citrinin and fumonisins were high, resulting in as much as 247 new liver cancer cases/year/100,000 population and risks of nephrotoxicity and esophageal cancer, respectively. Children who consumed the foods were the most vulnerable. Mycotoxin co-occurrence was evident, which could increase the health risk of the outcomes. Awareness of mycotoxin issues was generally low among the households.

show abstract

“…The occurrence of mycotoxins in grains (sorghum, maize, wheat, and their products) at concentrations exceeding the maximum limits recommended by the European Commission and the South African Government has been reported [ 24 ]. Elsewhere, Onyedum et al [ 25 ] observed the occurrence of economically significant mycotoxins in maize, cassava flake (garri), millet, yam flour, sorghum, and rice from North-Central Nigeria. In that study, levels of AFs, the most potent group of naturally occurring carcinogens exceeded the maximum recommended limits established by the European Commission in some of the foodstuff.…”

Section: Occurrence and Significance Of Pollutants In Food Commoditiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Applications of Magnetic Nanomaterials for Extraction of Mycotoxins, Pesticides, and Pharmaceuticals in Food Commodities

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental pollutants, such as mycotoxins, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals, are a group of contaminates that occur naturally, while others are produced from anthropogenic sources. With increased research on the adverse ecological and human health effects of these pollutants, there is an increasing need to regularly monitor their levels in food and the environment in order to ensure food safety and public health. The application of magnetic nanomaterials in the analyses of these pollutants could be promising and offers numerous advantages relative to conventional techniques. Due to their ability for the selective adsorption, and ease of separation as a result of magnetic susceptibility, surface modification, stability, cost-effectiveness, availability, and biodegradability, these unique magnetic nanomaterials exhibit great achievement in the improvement of the extraction of different analytes in food. On the other hand, conventional methods involve longer extraction procedures and utilize large quantities of environmentally unfriendly organic solvents. This review centers its attention on current applications of magnetic nanomaterials and their modifications in the extraction of pollutants in food commodities.

show abstract

Occurrence of major mycotoxins and their dietary exposure in North-Central Nigeria staples

Cited by 30 publications

References 43 publications

Fungal Diversity and Aflatoxins in Cereals and Cassava-Based Foods From Ondo State, Nigeria

Fungal Diversity and Aflatoxins in Cereals and Cassava-Based Foods From Ondo State, Nigeria

Dietary Risk Assessment and Consumer Awareness of Mycotoxins among Household Consumers of Cereals, Nuts and Legumes in North-Central Nigeria

Current Applications of Magnetic Nanomaterials for Extraction of Mycotoxins, Pesticides, and Pharmaceuticals in Food Commodities

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About