Occurrence of Metallo-Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae from a Local Poultry Farm in Abakaliki, Nigeria

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The production of beta-lactamases especially the expanded/extended beta-lactamases such as the metallo beta-lactamase (MBL) enzymes by Gram negative bacteria (GNB) are amongst the top arsenal of pathogenic bacteria used to make the therapeutic effect of some available drugs less efficacious. This study evaluated the phenotypic production of MBLs from 50 cloacal swabs of poultry birds in a poultry farm in Abakaliki metropolis, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The samples were bacteriologically analyzed using eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar and MacConkey agar; and MBL production was phenotypically detected using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method (for antibiogram) and the inhibition based assay technique (for MBL production). Out of the 50 cloacal swab samples analyzed in this study, 39 isolates were Escherichia coli while 33 isolates were positive for Klebsiella species. All the E. coli and Klebsiella species showed high resistance to most of the tested antibiotics especially to imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, sulphamethoxazole trimethoprim, cefoxitin, ertapenem and gentamicin. Nine (9) isolates of E. coli (23.1 %) were phenotypically detected as MBL producers while 6 isolates of Klebsiella species (18.2 %) were confirmed as MBL producing strains. This present day study accentuates the growing resistance mechanism in the community; and thus calls for concerted effort to detect and prevent the dissemination of antibiotic resistant microbes in the community. Further molecular characterization is required to classify the genetic elements responsible for the dissemination of MBL-producing microbes in this environment.

Screening and partial purification of amylase from <i>Aspergillus Niger</i> isolated from deteriorated tomato (<i>Lycopersicon Esculentum</i> mill.) fruits

“…They are rich in nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and protein (2). Tomato fruits have 95% water and 4.5% carbohydrate (3). In view of these, the tomato fruit is often attacked by microorganisms most especially during and after harvest, which makes tomato spoilage to occur often (4).…”

Emerging Multidrug Resistant Metallo-β-Lactamases (MBLs) Positive Klebsiella Species from Cloacal Swabs of Poultry Birds

“…Briefly, the MH agar plates were swabbed with the test isolates (adjusted to 0.5 MacFarland turbidity standards); and each of the antibiotic disk was aseptically placed on the MH agar plates at a distance of 15 mm. The susceptibility test plates were incubated at 30°C for 18-24 hours and the zones of inhibition diameter was measured, recorded and interpreted according to the CLSI criteria [6,8].…”

“…To screen bacterial isolates for the production of MBLs, it has been recommended to use any of the carbapenems including meropenem and imipenem since MBL positive bacteria are resistant to the carbapenems [6,8]. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique was used, and each of the carbapenems including meropenem, ertapenem and imipenem was placed at a distance of 20 mm apart on MH agar plates already inoculated with the test bacterial isolates and the plates were incubated at 30°C for 18-24 hours.…”

“…Test organisms found to be resistant to imipinem or meropenem (as indicated in the screening test) was evaluated phenotypically for the production of MBLs as was previously described [4,6]. Standard antibiotic disks of imipenem (10 µg) and meropenem (10 µg), impregnated with EDTA were aseptically placed on MH agar plates already swabbed with the test bacterial isolates (adjusted to 0.5 MacFarland turbidity standards), and supplementary imipenem (10 µg) and meropenem (10 µg) disks without EDTA were also placed alongside antibiotic disks impregnated with EDTA.…”

“…The presence of MBL genes in clinically important organisms threatens the efficacy of some available betalactam and non-beta-lactam agents [1,5]. Organisms producing MBLs in the community are of immense public health importance since they are usually resistant to a wide variety of antibiotics, and this makes these drugs to be less effective when used for therapy [6]. Such organisms harbouring genes for the production of MBLs and other multidrug resistant enzymes may cause serious infections.…”