Occurrence of Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli in Raw Meat and Cloaca Swabs in Poultry Processed in Slaughter Slabs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Abstract

This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2020, in five large poultry slaughter slabs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Purposive sampling was used to select broilers and spent layers, from which meat and cloaca swabs were collected to determine the occurrence of multidrug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli. Identification of isolates was done using API 20E, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed as per CLSI (2018) guidelines. EBSL (CTX-M, TEM, SHV) and plasmid mediated quinolone (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS and aac(6′)-Ib-cr) were screened using PCR. Out of 384 samples, 212 (55.2%) were positive for E. coli, of which 147 (69.3%) were resistant to multiple drugs (MDR). Highest resistance was detected to tetracycline (91.9%), followed by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (80.5%), ampicillin (70.9%), ciprofloxacin (40.2%) and 25% cefotaxime, gentamycin (10.8%) and imipenem (8.6%) (95% CI, p < 0.01). Out of the E. coli-positive samples, ten (10/212) (4.7%) were ESBL producing E. coli, of which CTX-M was detected in two isolates and quinolones resistant gene (qnrS) in eight, while TEM, SHV, qnrA, qnrB and aac(6′)-lb-cr were not detected. The high level of resistance and multidrug resistance imply these antibiotics are ineffective, add unnecessary cost to poultry farmers and certainly facilitate emergence and spread of resistance.

High prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of salmonella species and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from raw cattle meat at butcher houses in Hawassa city, Sidama regional state, Ethiopia

“…In this study, the prevalence of ESBL producing E.coli (2.3%) % is lower than the study finding in South Korea 20% [29] and in Tanzania 4.7% [30]. In addition to the above methodological differences, the observed differences might be also related to the abuse of third generation cephalosporins in food animals, because the use of these antibiotics is greatly linked to the recent emergence of ESBLs-producing bacteria.…”

Occurrence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) Producers, Quinolone and Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Environmental Samples along Msimbazi River Basin Ecosystem in Tanzania

“…Our previous findings from the study area that compared genotypic and phenotypic results of MDR E. coli isolates, ESBL producers and quinolone resistance found that 80% of the isolates harboured blaCTX-M, 15% aac(6)-lb-cr, 10% qnrB and 5% qepA. None harboured TEM, SHV, qnrA, qnrS, qnrC, or qnrD [46,52]. The ESBL level found in this study was higher than that reported in soil and water samples in Tunisia and DRC Congo [36,41] and lower than previous findings from Tanzania and in Angola [8,53].…”

Occurrence of Multi-Drug-Resistant Escherichia coli in Chickens, Humans, Rodents and Household Soil in Karatu, Northern Tanzania

“…We observed that 78.8% of all isolates were MDR E. coli , and that chicken (27.7%) and human (30.3%) isolates had significantly higher MDR isolates as compared to those recovered from rodents (10.8%) and soil (10.0%). Higher occurrence rates of MDR isolates in chickens and humans can be influenced by the frequent use and misuse of antibiotics in humans and poultry in Karatu [ 21 , 22 , 24 , 25 ]. The presence of MDR E. coli isolates in rodents indicates their potential role as hosts or vectors that can spread MDR E. coli to humans and chickens in Karatu and corresponds with other studies in Kenya, Germany, Canada and Vietnam [ 14 , 26 , 27 , 28 ] that associated rodents with carriage and spread of MDR and virulent E. coli strains in communities.…”