Occurrence of mycotoxigenic fungi in poultry feeds at live-bird markets, Zaria, Nigeria

Ibrahim, Muhammed Jimoh; Kabir, Junaidu; Kwanashie, C. N.; Salawudeen, M. T.; Joshua, Zira

doi:10.4314/sokjvs.v15i4.8

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…From the above genera, the most prevalent species were A. flavus , A. niger , Aspergillus tamarii , Aspergillus terreus , Aspergillus versicolor , Emericella nidulans , Fusarium oxysporum , Mucor racemosus , Neurospora crassa , Paecilomyces variotii , Penicillium chrysogenum , and Rhizopus stolonifer (Table ). These results are in partial or complete agreement with those reported by several researchers in different places of the world (Azizi, Shateri, & Mousavizadeh, ; Figueroa, Conteno, Calvo, Rengel, & Adelantado, ; Ibrahim, Kabir, Kwanashie, Salawudeen, & Joshua, ; Krnjaja, Stojanovic, Cmiljanic, Trenkovski, & Tomasevic, ; Zohri, Saber, Youssef, & Abdel‐Kereem, ). Okoli et al () studied and identified the common molds growing in commercial poultry feed sold in Owerri, Nigeria.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Mycobiota and chromatographic analyses of aflatoxin contamination ofAspergillusspecies isolated from poultry feed

Saleem

Al‐Johani

2018

Journal of Food Safety

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Fifty poultry feed samples were collected from five regions (Hail, Jeddah, Makkah, Qassim and Al‐Madinah) in Saudi Arabia, 10 samples from each region. Thirty‐two fungal species belong to 16 genera were isolated on both Dextrose Czapeks and Pototo dextrose agar media at 28 °C using two isolation methods (dilution‐plate and baiting methods). The most common species were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus versicolor, Emericella nidulans, Fusarium oxysporum, Mucor racemosus, Neurospora crassa, Paecilomyces variotii, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Rhizopus stolonifer. Qualitative determination of aflatoxins in 24 isolates of A. flavus and Aspergillus parasitcus were screened using ammonium hydroxide test. Fourteen isolates (58.3% of total isolates) exhibited positive reaction when exposed to ammonium hydroxide vapor. However, 10 isolates (41.7%) showed negative response for their abilities to produce aflatoxins. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of cultural extracts exhibited variable levels of aflatoxins. The concentration of aflatoxin B was 18.0–204.8 ng/ml. However, aflatoxin G was 21.7–249.3 ng/ml. Culture extracts of A. flavus and A. parasiticus were also analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) for aflatoxins detection. Fifteen isolates (62.5%) exhibited distinct spots for aflatoxins on the TLC plate. Aflatoxin B was predominant. The Rf values of B1, B2, G1, and G2 were 0.78, 0.62, 0.46, and 0.38, respectively. Practical applications Study of fungal content of poultry feed would contribute to know the aflatoxins producing fungi and avoid the hazard effect of these fungi by storing of feed in unsuitable conditions for germination and metabolites of these fungi. The ability of Aspergillus fungi to produce aflatoxins and concentration of aflatoxins in the culture extracts of these fungi give evidence for how much doses of aflatoxins expose to poultry industry and its negative impact on poultry production and human health.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Mycobiota and chromatographic analyses of aflatoxin contamination ofAspergillusspecies isolated from poultry feed

Saleem

Al‐Johani

2018

Journal of Food Safety

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“…But all studies strengthen the presence of opportunistic fungal species in poultry feed. A. flavus is common agricultural contaminants reported by Ismaiel and Papenbrock (2015) and Ibrahim et al (2017) in accord to present study findings. Above mentioned and current data of poultry feed reveals A. flavus a frequent contaminant of poultry feed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Molecular Approaches for Characterization of Aflatoxin Producing Aspergillus flavus Isolates from Poultry Feed

Sana¹

2019

PVJ

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Aflatoxins are secondary toxic metabolites produced by aspergilli. Aspergillus flavus is one of the major aflatoxins producing specie. Present study was conducted to enumerate mycoflora of poultry feed and aflatoxin production potential of A. flavus. Home mixed and commercial poultry feed (n=20, each) were processed for determination of fungal load and isolation of mycoflora. Isolates were identified by culture and microscopic characters. Thin layer (TL) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used for screening, identification and quantification of aflatoxins produced by A. flavus respectively. A. flavus were confirmed by specie specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Isolation frequency of different genera, Aspergillus species and toxigenic A. flavus was calculated. The fungal count in home mixed feed was 2x10 2 to 1.6x10 4 CFU/g whereas, in commercial poultry feed from 2x10 1 to 6x10 3 CFU/g. Aspergillus was the most prevalent genus in home mixed and commercial feed followed by Mucor. Among aspergilli, the highest percentage was of flavus (95%) followed by A. niger (75%), A. fumigatus (15%) and A. terreus (5%). A total of 32.61 percent (223/685) aflatoxin producing A. flavus from commercial and 16.67 percent (23/140) from home mixed feed were detected by TLC. These aflatoxins (AFs) were identified as AFB1 and AFB2 and AFG1 by HPLC. Amplicon (500 bps) of A. flavus was observed on 2 percent agarose gel. It was concluded that poultry feed may be a source of transmission of disease producing fungi and aflatoxins to poultry birds and human beings. ©2019 PVJ. All rights reserved Key words: Aflatoxin Aspergillus flavus commercial poultry feed High performance liquid chromatography Home mixed poultry feed Polymerase chain reaction To Cite This Article: Sana S, Anjum AA, Yaqub T, Nasir M, Ali MA and Abbas M, 2019. Molecular approaches for characterization of aflatoxin producing Aspergillus flavus isolates from poultry feed. Pak Vet J, 39(2): 169-174. http://dx.

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“…Pre-enriched samples were subcultured on blood agar (Oxoid, UK) and Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) (Oxoid, UK) and incubated at 37°C and 25°C for 24 h and 3-4 days, respectively, for bacterial and fungal isolation. Bacterial growth on blood agar was subjected to biochemical reactions which include Gram staining, catalase, oxidase, Triple sugar iron, citrate utilization, and urease [ 11 ] while the fungal growth on SDA was identified using lactophenol cotton blue staining procedure [ 12 ]. Total bacterial count for the feed (1%) was carried out using the surface plating method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxicosis in African greater cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus)

et al. 2018

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Aim:Aflatoxicosis is a widespread problem in captive animals fed on stored food and has been reported in various animals both domestic and wild. This report documents the clinicopathologic, microbial diagnostic findings and therapeutic regime for a study on the presentation, management, and outcome of aflatoxicosis in greater cane rats.Materials and Methods:A total of 65 greater cane rats suspected to be exposed to the toxin were examined clinically along with their environment. Feed samples, recently deceased carcasses and some moribund carcasses were collected for the study. Carcasses were subjected to gross and histopathologic investigations while feed and organs were subjected to microbiological investigations.Results:Gross lesions included hepatic lipidosis with ecchymotic hemorrhages, distended gallbladder, and renomegaly with ecchymosis among others. Histopathology revealed loss of hepatocellular architecture with massive centrilobular hepatocyte necrosis and diffuse steatotic damage characterized by macrovacuoles. Other histologic findings included pulmonary congestion, moderate renal tubular degeneration, and necrosis of epithelial tubular cells. Aspergillus flavus was isolated from the feed and ingesta. Total aflatoxin detected in feed sample was found to be over 400 ppm. Klebsiella species, Staphylococcus species, and Bacillus species were isolated from the liver and intestinal content. Management was attempted using Fungizal® (Avico, Jordan) (which contains Thymol, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and kaolin) and Orego-Stim® (Saife, USA) (which contains carvacrol and thymol) which were instituted in feed and Superliv® (Ayurvet, India) (polyherbal) liquid was instituted in water for 5 days at manufacturers’ dosage. All clinical signs disappeared, and no more deaths were recorded following management.Conclusion:This report concludes that aflatoxicosis causes severe mortality in greater cane rats and can be prevented and managed successfully.

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Occurrence of mycotoxigenic fungi in poultry feeds at live-bird markets, Zaria, Nigeria

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Mycobiota and chromatographic analyses of aflatoxin contamination ofAspergillusspecies isolated from poultry feed

Mycobiota and chromatographic analyses of aflatoxin contamination ofAspergillusspecies isolated from poultry feed

Molecular Approaches for Characterization of Aflatoxin Producing Aspergillus flavus Isolates from Poultry Feed

Aflatoxicosis in African greater cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus)

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