Occurrence of organotin compounds in Ontario lakes and rivers

Maguire, R. James; Chau, Y. K.; Bengert, G. A.; Hale, Elizabeth J.; Wong, Pak Chung; Kramar, O.

doi:10.1021/es00104a012

Cited by 188 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Especially in the surface microlayer, dibutyltin and tributyltin were concentrated, occasionally by a factor of 104 relative to the subsurface water resulting in concentrations as high as 2600 and 60 p~g/liter, respectively. Therefore, at various sampling sites, the reported tributyltin levels approached or exceeded concentrations demonstrated to be lethal for sensitive aquatic species (Maguire et al, 1982(Maguire et al, , 1986Stebbing, 1985). In France and England, a falling in the oyster fisheries was noticed, which was correlated with the occurrence of tributyltin compounds in coastal waters.…”

Section: Growing Production and Concernmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Recently, organotin concentrations with varying intensity were determined in the United States (Hodge et al, 1979;Seligman et al, 1986), Canada (Maguire et al, 1982(Maguire et al, , 1986, France (Alzieu and Heral, 1984), Turkey (Tugrul et al, 1983), Switzerland (Mueller, 1984), and the United Kingdom (Cleary and Stebbing, 1985). In general, butyltin concentrations seemed to depend on boating activity and tidal influence.…”

Section: Growing Production and Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological activity of organotin compounds—An overview

Snoeij

Penninks

Seinen

1987

Environmental Research

348

131

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As a consequence of the rapid expansion of the uses and applications of the organotin compounds, the concern about their environmental and health effects is increasing. The main subject of this overview is the current understanding of the mammalian toxicity of the organotin compounds. Four different types of target organ toxicity, namely neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and cutaneous toxicity, are discussed in more detail. The effects of the organotin compounds on the mitochondfial and cellular level are summarized and discussed in relation to the mode of action of these compounds on the central nervous system, the liver and bile duct, the immune system, and the skin. © 1987 Academic Press, Inc. ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS: APPLICATIONS AND TOXICITY Organotin CompoundsTin can be present as an element in a wide variety of both inorganic and organometallic compounds. Organometallic tin compounds or organotins are characterized by the presence of at least one covalent carbon-tin bond. Although tin may exist either in the Sn 2+ or in the Sn 4+ oxidation state, almost all organotins have a tetravalent structure. Depending on the number of organic moieties, the organotin compounds are classified as mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraorganotins. In compounds of industrial importance, methyl, butyl, octyl, and phenyl groups form the organic substituents, while the anion is usually chloride, fluoride, oxide, hydroxide, carboxylate, or thiolate. All alkyltin compounds refered to in this article contain unbranched saturated hydrocarbon side chains (n-alkyltins).

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Section: Growing Production and Concernmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Growing Production and Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological activity of organotin compounds—An overview

Snoeij

Penninks

Seinen

1987

Environmental Research

348

131

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“…Then samples were cleaned up and concentrated [6] GC-AAS Lake water (5-10 L) Extraction with benzene containing tropolone from water saturated with sodium chloride, butylation to form tetramethylbutyltins. Then samples were cleaned up and concentrated [7] GC-FPD SnCl2 reaction solution (1-2 mL) Samples were placed in a centrifugation tube together with citric acid-NaH2PO4 buffer solution (pH 5.0).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to date the occurrence of methyltin compounds have been found in many different environmental media such as seawater [3,4], river water [5,6], lake water [6,7], sediments [8] and biological samples [3]. In addition to the anthropogenic sources [1], methyltins can be produced by the biotic and abiotic methylation [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and direct speciation of methyltins in seawater by an on-line coupled high performance liquid chromatography–hydride generation–ICP/MS system

Zhai

Liu

et al. 2009

Talanta

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a b s t r a c tA novel on-line coupled HPLC-hydride generation (HG)-ICP/MS system was developed for rapid, direct and sensitive speciation of methyltins in seawater without any pretreatment step. Methyltin compounds were separated by reversed phase HPLC, and then on-line reacted with potassium borohydride and acetic acid to generate volatile hydride products. The volatile derivatization products were separated in the spray chamber of ICP/MS and then introduced into ICP/MS by argon gas for detection. Monomethyltin (MMT), dimethyltin (DMT) and trimethyltin (TMT) were baseline separated in less than 15 min by reversed phase HPLC. The influence of KBH 4 concentration and type of acid on the system performance was investigated and optimized. Calibration curves, based on peak heights against concentration, were linear in the range of 0.5-50 ng (Sn) mL −1 of methyltins with correlation coefficients of 0.9990, 0.9990 and 0.9996 for MMT, DMT and TMT, respectively. The relative standard deviations measured at 10 ng (Sn) mL −1 for these three methyltins were in the range of 0.6-1.4% (n = 5), and the calculated detection limits (S/N = 3) for MMT, DMT and TMT were 0.266, 0.095 and 0.039 ng (Sn) mL −1 , respectively. This method was successfully applied to the speciation of methyltins in seawater with spiked recovery in the range of 95.4-106.9%. MMT and DMT were detected in all the seawater samples with concentrations in the range of 1.0-1.5 and 0.30-0.57 ng (Sn) mL −1 for MMT and DMT, respectively.

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“…To date, methyltin compounds have been globally found in various environmental matrices such as sea water (Braman and Tompkins, 1979), estuarine water (Donard et al, 1986), fresh water (Byrd and Andreae, 1982), lake water (Maguire et al, 1982), waste water (Donard et al, 1993), sediments (Tugrul et al, 1983;Maguire et al, 1986;Schebek et al, 1991), as well as various biological samples such as fish, oyster, mussels, domestic chicken egg shell and macroalgae (Seidel et al, 1980;Han and Weber, 1988;Quevauviller et al, 1989). A number of reports have testified that environmental methylation of inorganic tin might be an important source of methyltin compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylation mechanism of tin(II) by methylcobalamin in aquatic systems

et al. 2007

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The methylation reaction of tin(II) with methylcobalamin (CH 3 B 12 ) in aquatic systems was modeled in the laboratory. The products were detected by a sensitive gas chromatography-flame photometric detector (GC-FPD), and further identified by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). Both monomethyltin (MMT) and dimethyltin (DMT) were found as methylation products. Three important effecting factors during the methylation reaction, salinity, pH and aerobic or anaerobic, were studied. The results showed that methyl group can be transferred from CH 3 B 12 to tin in aquatic solutions as a radical or carbonium, as well as a carbanion. Two explanations for the pH-dependency of the methylation reaction between tin(II) and CH 3 B 12 were proposed: pH-dependency of the equilibrium states of CH 3 B 12 , and pH-dependency of inorganic tin(II) species whose reactivity vary with the redox potential in the solution. Salinity can influence the activity of the methyl donor, which cause changes in the methylation efficiency. Kinetic experiments showed that the methylation reaction was pseudo-first-order for CH 3 B 12 .

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Occurrence of organotin compounds in Ontario lakes and rivers

Cited by 188 publications

References 13 publications

Biological activity of organotin compounds—An overview

Biological activity of organotin compounds—An overview

Rapid and direct speciation of methyltins in seawater by an on-line coupled high performance liquid chromatography–hydride generation–ICP/MS system

Methylation mechanism of tin(II) by methylcobalamin in aquatic systems

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