Occurrence of Palygorskite in the Soils and Rocks of the Jordan Valley

Shadfan, H.; Dixon, J. B.

doi:10.1016/s0070-4571(08)70038-4

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The predominance of kaolinite in the clay fractions of Jurassic and lower Cretaceous sediments in western Egypt is similar to that found in countries of similar geology, namely Jordan (Shadfan & Dixon, 1984) and Saudi Arabia (Shadfan & Mashhady, 1985); in Libya also, Kallenbach (1972) found a predominance of kaolinite in sediments similar to the Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous shale. The large amounts of kaolinite in the clay fraction of the red sandstones in western Egypt and in some other areas in the region probably derived from the weathering of feldspars under a humid-tropical climate.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The presence of palygorskite in soils and sediments of the Middle East countries has been widely reported: in Syria (Muir, 1951), Israel (Yaaton, 1955;Barshad et al, 1956;Ravikovitch et al, 1960;Singer, 1971;Singer & Amiel, 1974;Yaalon & Wieder, 1976), Iraq (A1-Rawi et al, 1967;Eswaran & Barzanji, 1974), Lebanon (Lamouroux et al, 1973), Jordan (Wiersma, 1970;Shadfan, 1983;Shadfan & Dixon, 1984;Shadfan et al, 1985) and Saudi Arabia (Aba Husayn & Sayegh, 1977;Elprince et al, 1979;Mashhady et al, 1980;Viani et al, 1983;Lee et al, 1983;Mackenzie et al, 1984;Shadfan & Mashhady, 1985). In Egypt, Elgabaly (1962) indicated the predominance of palygorskite in some of the soils in the western desert and proposed that the mineral had formed from calcareous argillaceous material in a saline lagoon.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been established that the clay fraction of Tertiary sediments in Jordan and Saudi Arabia are dominated by palygorskite (Shadfan & Dixon, 1984;Shadfan & Mashhady, 1985), while little data are available concerning the possible presence of this mineral in soils and sediments of Egypt. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution of palygorskite in the most common sediments in western Egypt and to discuss the formation environment of the mineral in relation to other areas in the region.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of palygorskite in Tertiary sediments of western Egypt

Shadfan

Hussen²,

Alaily³

1985

Clay miner.

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The presence of palygorskite in soils and sediments of the Middle East countries has been widely reported: in Syria (Muir, 1951), Israel (Yaalon, 1955; Barshad et al., 1956; Ravikovitch et al., 1960; Singer, 1971; Singer & Amiel, 1974; Yaalon & Wieder, 1976), Iraq (Al-Rawi et al., 1967; Eswaran & Barzanji, 1974), Lebanon (Lamouroux et al., 1973), Jordan (Wiersma, 1970; Shadfan, 1983; Shadfan & Dixon, 1984; Shadfan et al., 1985) and Saudi Arabia (Aba Husayn & Sayegh, 1977; Elprince et al., 1979; Mashhady et al., 1980; Viani et al., 1983; Lee et al., 1983; Mackenzie et al., 1984; Shadfan & Mashhady, 1985). In Egypt, Elgabaly (1962) indicated the predominance of palygorskite in some of the soils in the western desert and proposed that the mineral had formed from calcareous argillaceous material in a saline lagoon. Hassouba & Shaw (1980) found palygorskite to be a major component of the clay fraction in caliche crusts in the coastal plain of north-western Egypt and considered that the palygorskite had formed authigenically in that environment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of palygorskite in Tertiary sediments of western Egypt

Shadfan

Hussen²,

Alaily³

1985

Clay miner.

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“…Natural occurrences ofpalygorskite in sediments and soils of arid regions have been widely reported (see reviews by Wiersma, 1970;Shadfan and Dixon, 1984). Tertiary sediments appear to be the main host of palygorskite in the Middle East (Yaalon, 1955;Wiersma, 1970;Millot, 1970;Shadfan and Dixon, 1984), and Shadfan and Mashhady (1985) described shales of Tertiary age in eastern Saudi Arabia that consisted mainly of palygorskite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palygorskite from Tertiary Formations of Eastern Saudi Arabia

Shadfan

Mashhady

Dixon

et al. 1985

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract--The occurrence of palygorskite in some Tertiary sediments in eastern Saudi Arabia was studied. Mineralogical and chemical analyses were made of samples from two sections several meters thick from the Umm er Radhuma and Dammam Formations of Paleocene and Eocene periods, respectively. Layers of shales were observed within the sections of the dolomitic-calcitic limestone of the Umm er Radhuma Formation and of the dolomitic limestone of the Dammam Formation. After treatment for carbonate removal the shales consisted of more than 95% clay-size particles, most of which were <0.2-#m in size. Palygorskite was the main constituent of some of the shales, with minor amounts of gypsum, soluble salts, and carbonates. The association of gypsum and other salts with palygorskite in the shale suggests that palygorskite formed in closed-basin environments. The presence of palygorskite and the absence of other minerals in the clay fraction of the limestones also suggests that the palygorskite formed under marine conditions.

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“…Natural occurrences of palygorskite in sediments and soils of arid regions have been widely reported [54,55]. Tertiary sediments appear to be the main host of palygorskite in the Middle East [37,[54][55][56].…”

Section: Mineralogical Composition Of Inter-bedded Claysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geotechnical Characteristics of Anhydrite/Gypsum Transformation in the Middle Miocene Evaporites, Red Sea Coast, Egypt

Seif

2013

Arab J Sci Eng

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The Middle Miocene evaporites of Abu Dabbab Formation, north of Quseir City along the Red Sea coast of Egypt are composed mainly of thinly laminated, bedded and nodular anhydrite and microcrystalline gypsum especially in its lowermost part. Highly cracked inter-bedded clay, dolomite and stromatolite layers were recorded within the evaporite succession. The cracks in the inter-bedded clays are filled with evaporite materials indicating arid climatic conditions during exposure episodes. Swelling mechanisms in clay-evaporites include mechanical swelling due to hydration of clay minerals and transformation of the anhydrite into gypsum. Field observations as well as powder x-ray diffraction investigations have shown that anhydrite/gypsum modal ratio decreases gradually downward indicating that gypsum has transformed to anhydrite by solar heating. The clay minerals of the inter-bedded clay layers are dominated by smectite (46 %), illite-smectite mixed-layer (18 %), chlorite (13 %), palygorskite (9'%), kaolinite (8 %), and illite (6 %). The liquid limit of the Abu Dabbab Formation (anhydrite and interbedded clays) is higher than 65 %, so considered as of very high swelling capabilities. Also, its swelling percentage was found to be (11-14 %), (28-35 %) and (58-65 %) for gypsum, clay and anhydrite, respectively. The swelling pressure was found to be (1.4-1.5 kg/cm 2 ), (2.3-3.1 kg/cm 2 ) and (4.7-5.1 kg/cm 2 ) for gypsum, anhydrite and inter-bedded clay. The swelling pressure of gypsum is moderate and for both anhydrite and clay is high. The highly swelling capability of anhydrite and the inter-bedded clays causes geotechnical problems when got into contact with water. Alternating volume change due to phase transformation and solubility of calcium sulfate adds to the severity of problems associated with the host expansive clay strata.

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Occurrence of Palygorskite in the Soils and Rocks of the Jordan Valley

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Occurrence of palygorskite in Tertiary sediments of western Egypt

Occurrence of palygorskite in Tertiary sediments of western Egypt

Palygorskite from Tertiary Formations of Eastern Saudi Arabia

Geotechnical Characteristics of Anhydrite/Gypsum Transformation in the Middle Miocene Evaporites, Red Sea Coast, Egypt

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