Occurrence of Peptide and Clavine Ergot Alkaloids in Tall Fescue Grass

Lyons, Philip C.; Plattner, Ronald D.; Bacon, Charles W.

doi:10.1126/science.3008328

Cited by 357 publications

(261 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Because host resistance to insect herbivory, and livestock toxicity, is linked to ergot and other types of alkaloids produced by endophytes (Clay & Cheplick, 1988), and alkaloids are nitrogen-rich compounds, infected grasses growing in nitrogen-rich soils may be more toxic to herbivores compared to uninfected grasses and infected grasses growing under low nitrogen conditions. Ergot alkaloid production by infected tall fescue is known to be enhanced by the addition of nitrogen fertilizer (Lyons, Plattner & Bacon, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between infection by endophytic fungi and nutrient limitation in the grasses Lolium perenne and Festuca arundinacea

1989

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. S U M .M A R Y .Although grasses infected by fungal endoptiytes often exhibit increased growth relative to uninfected plants, the results of infection may be manifested as decreased growth in plants growing under stressful conditions. A preliminary experiment compared perennial ryegrass {Lolium perenne L.) infected by Acremoiiium lolii Latch, Christensen & Samuels with uninfected plants grown at three soil moistures and three nutrient concentrations. Total biomass, tiller number, and relative tittering rate were significantty affected by nutrient concentration and moisture. Although major differences between infected and uninfected plants were not apparent, relative growth rates of infected plants were significantly greater than uninfected plants in three of nine treatment combinations.Interactions between infection and nutrient limitation were examined in .seedlings and adults of perennial rj'egrass and tall fescue {Festuca arundinacea Schreb., infected by A, coenophialiim Morgan-Jones and Gams). A significant nutrient X infection interaction for tall fescue seedlings indicated that, compared to uninfected seedlings, infected seedlings had greater biomass at the high nutrient level but a significantty tower biomass at the tow nutrient tevel, suggesting a metabolic cost to the host due to competition with the fungus for nutrients or photosynthate. Infected perennial ryegrass seedlings had significantty more biomass at high and intermediate nutrient levels, but not at low nutrient levels. Although infection did not significantly affect total biomass in perennial ryegrass adutts, in tatt fescue adutts the benefits of endophyte infection to tiost ptants (recorded as greater biomass) became increasingty greater with increasing nutrient avaitability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between infection by endophytic fungi and nutrient limitation in the grasses Lolium perenne and Festuca arundinacea

1989

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“…1) [3,8,17] is the most prevalent (85-97%) of all ergopeptine alkaloids present in certain grasses, like tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), infected with an endophyte fungus of the genus Neotyphodium [4,12,18,19]. The presence of the fungus in the plant tissues is beneficial to the host (mutualistic symbiosis), but can be strongly detrimental to herbivorous animals fed an endophyted forage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicokinetics of ergovaline in the horse after an intravenous administration

et al. 2001

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-The toxicokinetics of ergovaline (an ergopeptine mycotoxin present in some grasses infected with endophytic fungus of the genus Neotyphodium) were studied after intravenous administration of a single dose of 15 µg/kg bwt in four gelding horses. Plasma ergovaline concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography, and the kinetic data were described by a three-compartment model. The elimination half-life and the total clearance of ergovaline were found to be 56.83 ± 13.48 min and 0.020 ± 0.004 L/min⋅kg, respectively. According to the toxicological data previously reported in the horse, and in spite of the very low dose administered, clinical signs were observed, including excessive coolness of the ears and the nose, excessive sweating and prostration. ergovaline / mycotoxin / horse / kinetics / NeotyphodiumRésumé -Étude toxicocinétique de l'ergovaline chez le cheval après injection intraveineuse. Les paramètres toxicocinétiques de l'ergovaline (un alcaloïde ergopeptidique présent dans les graminées porteuses d'un champignon endophyte du genre Neotyphodium) ont été déterminés après l'injection intraveineuse d'une dose de 15 µg/kg chez quatre chevaux hongres. Les concentrations plasmatiques d'ergovaline ont été mesurées par chromatographie liquide haute performance et les données cinétiques décrites selon un modèle à trois compartiments. La demi-vie d'élimination et la clairance totale de l'ergovaline ont été respectivement de 56,83 ± 13,48 min et de 0,020 ± 0,004 L/min⋅kg. Malgré la très faible dose administrée, des signes cliniques compatibles avec les données toxicologiques rapportées dans l'espèce équine ont été observés, à savoir hypothermie des oreilles et du nez, hypersudation et prostration.ergovaline / mycotoxine / cinétique / cheval / Neotyphodium Vet. Res. 32 (2001) 509-513 509

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“…Ergovaline is the foremost ergot alkaloid found in Kentucky 31, accounting for 85 to 97% of all ergopeptines present (Lyons et al, 1986).…”

Section: Ergotism/fescue Toxicosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating blood perfusion of the corpus luteum in beef cows during fescue toxicosis1

Cline¹,

Muth-Spurlock²,

Voelz³

et al. 2016

Journal of Animal Science

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Occurrence of Peptide and Clavine Ergot Alkaloids in Tall Fescue Grass

Cited by 357 publications

References 14 publications

Interactions between infection by endophytic fungi and nutrient limitation in the grasses Lolium perenne and Festuca arundinacea

Interactions between infection by endophytic fungi and nutrient limitation in the grasses Lolium perenne and Festuca arundinacea

Toxicokinetics of ergovaline in the horse after an intravenous administration

Evaluating blood perfusion of the corpus luteum in beef cows during fescue toxicosis1

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