Occurrence of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Urban Leishmaniasis Transmission Foci in North-Eastern Brazil

Silva, Rosa Cristina Ribeiro da; Silva, Antônia Suely Guimarães e; Sousa, Sêmilly Suélen da Silva; Bezerra, Juliana Maria Trindade; Rebêlo, José Manuel Macário; Pinheiro, Valéria Cristina Soares

doi:10.1093/jme/tjy182

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The low diversity of sandflies observed in the collection sites where L. longipalpis was predominant raises concerns about the potential impact of this species on the ecosystem's stability. Different regions of Brazil, where visceral leishmaniasis is endemic, have shown the predominance of L. longipalpis over other species (Pinto et al 2010, Silva et al 2019. The Hill series analysis performed in this study showed that, as the number of specimens collected increased, the evenness of species diversity increased as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Detection of multiple circulating sandflies species and investigation of dogs and vectors naturally infected with Leishmania in the city of Ribeirão Vermelho, southeastern Brazil

Alvarenga,

Castro,

Melo

et al. 2024

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by parasites of the Leishmania genus, resulting in various clinical forms, including a highly lethal visceral form. This study aimed to identify Leishmania spp. in sandflies and dogs in a small Brazilian town. DPP® Visceral Canine Leishmaniasis (CVL) was used for screening, and ELISA and conventional PCR were used for confirmatory testing, while sandflies were captured using CDC light traps and conventional PCR targeting ITS1. The Hill series was used to identify the diversity profile of species in the sampled area using R software. The study identified a Leishmania spp. prevalence of 4.02% in dogs, exceeding the 2% limit required by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. A total of 443 sandflies belonging to 14 different species were identified, with Lutzomyia longipalpis being the most abundant (73.81%). Negligence regarding leishmaniasis in small towns can lead to late diagnosis, hence the need to implement effective strategies, including early diagnosis and treatment of human and canine cases, vector control programs, and awareness campaigns to educate the public about risks and preventive measures. These measures can help prevent the spread of leishmaniasis and improve health outcomes for affected individuals and animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Detection of multiple circulating sandflies species and investigation of dogs and vectors naturally infected with Leishmania in the city of Ribeirão Vermelho, southeastern Brazil

Alvarenga,

Castro,

Melo

et al. 2024

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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“…In the Americas, from the Southern United States to Northern Argentina, with the exception of Chile, L. (L.) amazonensis is transmitted by B. flaviscutellata 1 . In Brazil, this vector is rarely found in peridomicile of urban environments 6 , 15 , 29 , however L. (L.) amazonensis is found infecting Lu. longipalpis in these areas, where this vector is highly adapted 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have described the spread of CL in urban environments 12 , 13 in which Lu. longipalpis feeds on several domestic and synanthropic animals 2 , 14 , showing a higher adaptive capacity to seasonal variations than other sand flies species 15 . Additionally, studies have reported the circulation of several species of Leishmania , including L. (L.) amazonensis , concomitantly with Lu.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental transmission of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis to immunosuppressed mice through the bite of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) results in cutaneous leishmaniasis

Silva

Cruz

Coutinho

et al. 2021

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Lutzomyia longipalpis is the natural vector of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum, but it is also permissive for several Leishmania species that are related to cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Maranhao State (Northeast of Brazil) is endemic for CL and has the highest number of cases of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) in the country. It is a rare disease associated with a defective immune response mainly caused by L. (L.) amazonensis. Additionally, the number of immunosuppressed patients infected with the etiologic agents of CL has increased, including regions in which the main vectors of CL are rare. Therefore, we investigated whether Lu. longipalpis is able to transmit L. (L.) amazonensis to uninfected and immunosuppressed mice, resulting in CL. For that, 291 sand flies took an initial blood meal in mice infected with L. (L.) amazonensis. Of these, 17 underwent a second feeding on uninfected and immunosuppressed mice (of which 58.8% were also positive for Leishmania according to data on the dissection of the intestine). After 27 days of infection, these mice exhibited leishmaniotic lesions. The occurrence of parasites on the animal's skin was confirmed by limiting dilution and immunohistopathological analyses. Parasite DNA was also detected in paw lesions and inguinal lymph nodes. DNA sequencing confirmed the Leishmania species in insects and mice. The results confirmed the ability of Lu. longipalpis to become infected and experimentally transmit L. (L.) amazonensis to immunosuppressed rodents, resulting in leishmaniotic lesions. Our data open perspectives for the potential role of Lu. longipalpis in the epidemiology of urban cutaneous leishmaniasis, especially in immunosuppressed patients.

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“…In Caxias, a municipality located in the Cerrado biome of Maranhao, 27 species of sand flies have already been recorded 4 . The most medically relevant species are: i) Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva, 1912), the main vector of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum , which has large populations in urban areas; and ii) Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes and Coutinho, 1939), the competent vector of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and a putative vector of L. ( V. ) shawi , and usually found in rural zones of this region 10 , 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predominance of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis DNA in Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from an endemic area for leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil

Carvalho-Silva

Silva

Cruz

et al. 2022

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Leishmaniasis is a serious public health concern in the Northeastern region of Brazil, where the sand fly fauna is well studied, although few species have been identified as competent vectors. The detection of Leishmania spp. parasites in wild-caught sand flies could help sanitary authorities draw strategies to avoid the transmission of the parasites and, therefore, the incidence of leishmaniases. We detected Leishmania DNA in wild-caught sand flies and correlated that data with aspects of sand fly ecology in the Caxias municipality, Maranhao State, Brazil. The sand flies were sampled in the peridomicile (open areas in the vicinity of human residences) and intradomicile (inside the residences) from July/2019 to March/2020. Leishmania DNA was detected in females, targeting a fragment of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS1) from ribosomal DNA. Among the fourteen species of sand flies identified, five ( Lutzomyia longipalpis, Nyssomyia whitmani, Evandromyia evandroi, Micropygomyia trinidadensis, and Micropygomyia quinquefer ) harbored DNA of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. The most abundant species in rural ( Ny. whitmani : 35.2% and Ev. evandroi : 32.4%) and urban areas ( Lu. longipalpis : 89.8%) are the permissive vectors of L. (L.) amazonensis , especially Ny. whitmani , a known vector of causative agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Although Lu. longipalpis is the vector of L. (L.) infantum, which was not detected in this study, its permissiveness for the transmission of L. (L.) amazonensis has been reported. We suspect that visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis are caused by L. (L.) amazonensis, and the transmission may be occurring through Lu. longipalpis, at least in the urban area.

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Occurrence of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Urban Leishmaniasis Transmission Foci in North-Eastern Brazil

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Detection of multiple circulating sandflies species and investigation of dogs and vectors naturally infected with Leishmania in the city of Ribeirão Vermelho, southeastern Brazil

Detection of multiple circulating sandflies species and investigation of dogs and vectors naturally infected with Leishmania in the city of Ribeirão Vermelho, southeastern Brazil

Experimental transmission of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis to immunosuppressed mice through the bite of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) results in cutaneous leishmaniasis

Predominance of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis DNA in Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from an endemic area for leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil

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