Occurrence of Psyllids in Apple Orchards and Transmission of Apple Proliferation by Cacopsylla Picta (Syn. C. Costalis) in Germany

Seemüller, E.; Dickler, E.; Berwarth, Constanze; Wilhelm, Jochen

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2004.657.87

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In recent years, C. picta and C. melanoneura were reported to be vectors of the Ca . P. mali (Frisinghelli et al , 2000; Tedeschi et al , 2002; Jarausch et al , 2004; Seemüller et al , 2004; Tedeschi & Alma, 2004; Tedeschi et al , 2009). Interestingly, in Germany, only C. picta is the vector of Ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemically mediated multitrophic interactions in a plant-insect vector-phytoplasma system compared with a partially nonvector species

Mayer

Vilcinskas

Gross

2010

Agricultural and Forest Entomology

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We elucidated the life cycles of two jumping plant lice species (Hemiptera: Psyllidae): Cacopsylla picta, a vector of the apple proliferation phytoplasma (Candidatus Phytoplasma mali), and Cacopsylla melanoneura, a nonvectoring species in Germany and some neighbouring countries, which may transmit the phytoplasma in one region in Italy. The adults of C. picta reproduce exclusively on apple and migrate soon after emergence (emigrants) to conifers in mountainous regions, and return to apple plants in early spring (remigrants). Cacopsylla melanoneura also uses conifers as overwintering host plants but prefers to reproduce on hawthorn, despite its ability to reproduce on apple. Both psyllid species used chemical cues for the identification of their alternate host plants during migration. Remigrants of C. melanoneura preferred the odour of their main reproduction host plant hawthorn to apple but preferred the odour of apple when experienced by feeding and oviposition. Although emigrants of C. picta reportedly prefer the odour of apple trees infected by Ca. P. mali, the remigrants of both species did not distinguish between the odours of infected or uninfected apple plants. Investigating the distribution of Ca. P. mali in plant species involved in psyllid life cycle revealed that the phytoplasma is specialized on apple. Infection of apple by Ca. P. mali increased mortality and resulted in decreased body size of C. picta offspring. Gravid females of C. picta preferred to oviposit on non-infected plants. It is concluded that Ca. P. mali indirectly promotes its acquisition from infected plants and transmission to non-infected plants by behavioural manipulation of its vector C. picta

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemically mediated multitrophic interactions in a plant-insect vector-phytoplasma system compared with a partially nonvector species

Mayer

Vilcinskas

Gross

2010

Agricultural and Forest Entomology

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“…The transmission of Ca . P. mali by psyllid vectors has been extensively studied (Frisinghelli et al 2000, Jarausch et al 2003, 2007, Tedeschi et al 2003, Tedeschi and Alma 2004, Seemüller et al 2004, Pedrazzoli et al 2007, Carraro et al 2008, Mayer et al 2009, Malagnini et al 2010). It was even shown that phytoplasma can manipulate the host plant in such a way that it emits a sesquiterpene (E-β-caryophyllene) which attracts the insect vector (Mayer et al 2008 a , 2008 b ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A gene expression analysis of cell wall biosynthetic genes in Malus x domestica infected by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali'

et al. 2012

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Apple proliferation (AP) represents a serious threat to several fruit-growing areas and is responsible for great economic losses. Several studies have highlighted the key role played by the cell wall in response to pathogen attack. The existence of a cell wall integrity signaling pathway which senses perturbations in the cell wall architecture upon abiotic/biotic stresses and activates specific defence responses has been widely demonstrated in plants. More recently a role played by cell wall-related genes has also been reported in plants infected by phytoplasmas. With the aim of shedding light on the cell wall response to AP disease in the economically relevant fruit-tree Malus × domestica Borkh., we investigated the expression of the cellulose (CesA) and callose synthase (CalS) genes in different organs (i.e., leaves, roots and branch phloem) of healthy and infected symptomatic outdoor-grown trees, sampled over the course of two time points (i.e., spring and autumn 2011), as well as in in vitro micropropagated control and infected plantlets. A strong up-regulation in the expression of cell wall biosynthetic genes was recorded in roots from infected trees. Secondary cell wall CesAs showed up-regulation in the phloem tissue from branches of infected plants, while either a down-regulation of some genes or no major changes were observed in the leaves. Micropropagated plantlets also showed an increase in cell wall-related genes and constitute a useful system for a general assessment of gene expression analysis upon phytoplasma infection. Finally, we also report the presence of several 'knot'-like structures along the roots of infected apple trees and discuss the occurrence of this interesting phenotype in relation to the gene expression results and the modalities of phytoplasma diffusion.

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“…P. mali', but despite extensive transmission experiments was not demonstrated as acting as a vector (Seemüller et al 2004). Cacopsylla melanoneura is considered the main vector of 'Ca.…”

Section: Molecular Diagnostics Of Plant Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in contrast, C. picta was proven to be a highly efficient vector of 'Ca. P. mali' (Frisinghelli et al 2000;Mattedi et al 2008;Seemüller et al 2004) and due to its frequent occurrence in the commercial orchards of South tyrol (Walch 2006) and the high infection rates with 'Ca. P. mali' amounting locally up to 30 % (Baric et al 2010c), this species was considered to represent the main risk for the spread of aP in South tyrol on which control strategies should focus.…”

Section: Molecular Diagnostics Of Plant Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Tools Applied to the Advancement of Fruit Growing in South Tyrol: a Review

Baric

2012

Erwerbs-Obstbau

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Molecular biology techniques have become indispensable tools in various areas of research and routine applications. in South tyrol (northern italy), molecular methods have been applied to the field of fruit growing over the last decade, and the main applications have been related to plant pathology and identification of apple cultivars. this review article illustrates how the implementation of existing methods and the development of new assays have contributed to gain more insights about the spread and epidemiology of phytoplasma diseases affecting apple trees and grapevine in South tyrol, to identify and characterise the causal agents of newly emerging disorders, or to describe the local genetic diversity of the apple. Anwendung molekularbiologischer Methoden im Obstbau Südtirols - ein ÜberblickZusammenfassung Molekularbiologische Methoden haben sich zu einem unverzichtbaren Hilfsmittel in verschiedenen Bereichen der Forschung und in routineanwendungen entwickelt. in Südtirol (norditalien) werden molekularbiologische Methoden seit einem Jahrzehnt im Bereich des Obstbaus angewandt, mit Schwerpunkt auf Pflanzenkrankheiten und die identifizierung von apfelsorten. Dieser review zeigt den Beitrag der implementierung bestehender Verfahren und der entwicklung neuer Methoden zur gewinnung profunder erkenntnisse über die ausbreitung und epidemiologie von Phytoplasmen-Krankheiten des apfels und der rebe in Südtirol, zur identifizierung und charakterisierung neuer Schaderreger sowie zur Beschreibung der lokalen genetischen Vielfalt des apfels.Schlüsselwörter apfeltriebsucht · Schwarzholzkrankheit · Weißdornblattsauger · Sommerapfelblattsauger · 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' · 'Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum' · Sortenbestimmung · Erwinia amylovora · europäische Steinobstvergilbung · Feuerbrand · goldgelbe Vergilbung · Vergilbungskrankheiten der rebe · Winden-glasflügelzikade · latente infektion · apfel · Mikrosatelliten Dna · Molekulare Diagnostik · Molekulare typisierung · erreger-Quantifizierung · real-time Pcr · Wurzelverwachsung · amerikanische rebzikade · Tilletiopsis spp. · Vektor · rebe · Weißer Hauch erwerbs-Obstbau (2012) 54:125-135

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Occurrence of Psyllids in Apple Orchards and Transmission of Apple Proliferation by Cacopsylla Picta (Syn. C. Costalis) in Germany

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Chemically mediated multitrophic interactions in a plant-insect vector-phytoplasma system compared with a partially nonvector species

Chemically mediated multitrophic interactions in a plant-insect vector-phytoplasma system compared with a partially nonvector species

A gene expression analysis of cell wall biosynthetic genes in Malus x domestica infected by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali'

Molecular Tools Applied to the Advancement of Fruit Growing in South Tyrol: a Review

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