Occurrence of seven artificial sweeteners in the aquatic environment and precipitation of Tianjin, China

Gan, Zhiwei; Sun, Hongwen; Feng, Biting; Wang, Ruonan; Zhang, Yanwei

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.038

Cited by 159 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…11 The mean concentration of saccharin in influent from two WWTPs (16.4 μg/L), in this study, was similar to that reported from Spain 18 and ∼2 times higher than that found in China 10 and Germany. 11 Nevertheless, the mean concentration of acesulfame in influent (1.08 μg/L) was ∼25 and 40 times lower than that reported from Spain 18 and Germany, 11 respectively.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The average removal efficiency of saccharin found in our study was similar to those reported in Germany (>90%) 11 and China (97%). 10 Aspartame was not detected in effluents of WWTPs in China. 10 Sucralose was not significantly removed from WWTPs (<2.0%), and acesulfame showed a negative removal efficiency.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…10 Aspartame was not detected in effluents of WWTPs in China. 10 Sucralose was not significantly removed from WWTPs (<2.0%), and acesulfame showed a negative removal efficiency. Our results were similar to those reported in other countries.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Our results were similar to those reported in other countries. Sucralose was barely removed from WWTPs in Switzerland Table 2 (−5%), 9 China (17.7%), 10 Germany (20%), 11 and Sweden (<10%). 12 Sucralose is not liable for microbial degradation due to the presence of chlorine atoms.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These amounts correspond to an estimated annual discharge of 624 kg of sucralose, 71.0 kg of saccharin, 2.90 kg of aspartame, and 49.1 kg of acesulfame from a WWTP that serves a population of 100 000 (influent flow rate of 83 300 m 3 /d). Gan et al (2013) 10 estimated an annual discharge of 26 kg of saccharin and 1600 kg of acesulfame from a WWTP (treatment capacity of 260 000 m 3 / d) in China.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Fate of Artificial Sweeteners in Wastewater Treatment Plants in New York State, U.S.A.

Subedi

Kannan

2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

154

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Very few studies describe the fate of artificial sweeteners (ASWs) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, mass loadings, removal efficiencies, and environmental emission of sucralose, saccharin, aspartame, and acesulfame were determined based on the concentrations measured in wastewater influent, primary effluent, effluent, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sludge collected from two WWTPs in the Albany area of New York State, U.S.A. All ASWs were detected at a mean concentration that ranged from 0.13 (aspartame) to 29.4 μg/L (sucralose) in wastewater influent, 0.49 (aspartame) to 27.7 μg/L (sucralose) in primary influent, 0.11 (aspartame) to 29.6 μg/L (sucralose) in effluent, and from 0.08 (aspartame) to 0.65 μg/g dw (sucralose) in sludge. Aspartame was found in 92% of influent SPM samples at a mean concentration of 444 ng/g dw, followed by acesulfame (92 ng/g) and saccharin (49 ng/g). The fraction of the total mass of ASWs sorbed to SPM was in the rank order: aspartame (50.4%) > acesulfame (10.9%) > saccharin and sucralose (0.8%). The sorption coefficients of ASWs ranged from 4.10 (saccharin) to 4540 L/kg (aspartame). Significant removal of aspartame (68.2%) and saccharin (90.3%) was found in WWTPs; however, sucralose and acesulfame were less efficiently removed (<2.0%). The total mass loading of sucralose, saccharin, and acesulfame in the WWTP that served a smaller population (∼15 000) was 1.3−1.5 times lower than that in another WWTP that served a larger population (∼100 000). The average daily loading of sucralose in both WWTPs (18.5 g/d/1000 people) was ∼2 times higher than the average loading of saccharin. The daily discharge of sucralose from the WWTPs was the highest (17.6 g/d/1000 people), followed by acesulfame (1.22 g/d/1000 people), and saccharin (1.07 g/d/1000 people). Approximately, 1180 g of saccharin and 291 g of acesulfame were transformed in or removed daily from the two WWTPs. This is the first study to describe the fate of ASWs, including the fraction found in SPM and in sludge, in addition to the aqueous portion of wastewater in WWTPs.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fate of Artificial Sweeteners in Wastewater Treatment Plants in New York State, U.S.A.

Subedi

Kannan

2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

154

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Artificial Sweeteners

Vasilatos¹,

Nika²,

Gkotsis³

et al. 2022

Analytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern

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A Review of the Environmental Fate and Effects of Acesulfame‐Potassium

Belton¹,

Schaefer

Guiney³

2020

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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The use of low and no calorie sweeteners (LNCSs) has increased substantially the past several decades. Their high solubility in water, low absorption to soils, and reliable analytical methods facilitate their detection in wastewater and surface waters. Low and no calorie sweeteners are widely used in food and beverage products around the world, have been approved as food additives, and are considered safe for human consumption by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and other regulatory authorities. Concerns have been raised, however, regarding their growing presence and potential aquatic toxicity. Recent studies have provided new empirical environmental monitoring, environmental fate, and ecotoxicity on acesulfame potassium (ACE‐K). Acesulfame potassium is an important high‐production LNCS, widely detected in the environment and generally reported to be environmentally persistent. Acesulfame‐potassium was selected for this environmental fate and effects review to determine its comparative risk to aquatic organisms. The biodegradation of ACE‐K is predicted to be low, based on available quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models, and this has been confirmed by several investigations, mostly published prior to 2014. More recently, there appears to be an interesting paradigm shift with several reports of the enhanced ability of wastewater treatment plants to biodegrade ACE‐K. Some studies report that ACE‐K can be photodegraded into potentially toxic breakdown products, whereas other data indicate that this may not be the case. A robust set of acute and chronic ecotoxicity studies in fish, invertebrates, and freshwater plants provided critical data on ACE‐K's aquatic toxicity. Acesulfame‐potassium concentrations in wastewater and surface water are generally in the lower parts per billion (ppb) range, whereas concentrations in sludge and groundwater are much lower (parts per trillion [ppt]). This preliminary environmental risk assessment establishes that ACE‐K has high margins of safety (MOSs) and presents a negligible risk to the aquatic environment based on a collation of extensive ACE‐K environmental monitoring, conservative predicted environmental concentration (PEC) and predicted no‐effect concentration (PNEC) estimates, and prudent probabilistic exposure modeling. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:421–437. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)

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Occurrence of seven artificial sweeteners in the aquatic environment and precipitation of Tianjin, China

Cited by 159 publications

References 29 publications

Fate of Artificial Sweeteners in Wastewater Treatment Plants in New York State, U.S.A.

Fate of Artificial Sweeteners in Wastewater Treatment Plants in New York State, U.S.A.

Artificial Sweeteners

A Review of the Environmental Fate and Effects of Acesulfame‐Potassium

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