Occurrence of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in some peripheral sympathetic noradrenergic neurons

Hökfelt, Tomas; Elfvin, L.-G.; Elde, Robert; Schultzberg, Marianne; Goldstein, Menek; Luft, Rolf

doi:10.1073/pnas.74.8.3587

Cited by 344 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In the coeliac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex of the guinea pig, the NA/somatostatin (11) (13), it may be suggested that these VIP nerves, together with the NA/somatostatin (in the guinea pig) and the NA (in the cat) neurons, are part ofthe reflex arcs between the mid-and distal gut and prevertebral ganglia (30,31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further analysis has revealed-that some of these peptides coexist with classical transmitters in sympathetic neurons. Thus, some peripheral noradrenergic cell bodies in sympathetic ganglia of the guinea pig, particularly prevertebral ganglia, contain a somatostatinlike peptide (11). An avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP)-like peptide has been demonstrated in a population of peripheral noradrenaline neurons (12).…”

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Organizational principles in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system: Subdivision by coexisting peptides (somatostatin-, avian pancreatic polypeptide-, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive materials

Lundberg

Hökfelt

Änggård

et al. 1982

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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168

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Sympathetic ganglia and some peripheral tissues of adult guinea pig and cat were analyzed by the indirect immunofluorescence technique with antisera to catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes and some peptides. In the guinea pig, noradrenergic neurons could be subdivided into three populations containing respectively (i) somatostatin-like immunoreactive material, (ii) avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP)-like immunoreactive material, and (iii) apparently only noradrenaline (NA; norepinephrine). A fourth population of sympathetic neurons was nonadrenergic and contained vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-immunoreactive material. In the cat many noradrenergic neurons with APP and some without this peptide were seen, but no somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons were observed. Also a population of non-adrenergic, presumably cholinergic, neurons containing a VIP-like peptide was observed. These neuron, populations seemed to innervate different tissues with some target specificity.For example, in the nasal mucosa ofthe cat, nerves containing NA/ APP-like immunoreactive material (called NA/APP nerves) were found around small arteries and arterioles, whereas venules and sinusoids were surrounded by nerves containing only NA (called NA nerves). Also in the submandibular salivary gland of the cat, the NA/APP nerves surrounded arteries and drterioles, whereas NA nerves were seen in relation to acini and ducts. The sympathetic (cholinergic) VIP-containing neurons innervated blood vessels and exocrine tissue in the cat sweat glands. In the coeliac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex of the guinea pig and cat, a dense network of VIP-immunoreactive fibers was seen preferentially around noradrenergic ganglionic cell bodies lacking APP-immunoreactive material. Thus, adult peripheral sympathetic neurons can be subdivided into several categories on the basis of specific peptides. These subdivisions may innervate specific targets and may receive peptide-specific neuronal inputs.Classically the peripheral autonomic nervous system can be subdivided into the sympathetic and the parasympathetic portions (1, 2). The enteric nerves have been considered to represent a separate division (3). The principal transmitter in the sympathetic division is noradrenaline (NA), as discovered by von Euler (4). However, a small population of sympathetic nerves supply sweat glands (5, 6) and skeletal muscle vessels and are cholinergic (7).During recent years, an extensive distribution ofpeptides in peripheral neurons has been identified (8-10). Further analysis has revealed-that some of these peptides coexist with classical transmitters in sympathetic neurons. Thus, some peripheral noradrenergic cell bodies in sympathetic ganglia of the guinea pig, particularly prevertebral ganglia, contain a somatostatinlike peptide (11). An avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP)-like peptide has been demonstrated in a population of peripheral noradrenaline neurons (12). Finally, the acetylcholine (AcCho) esterase-rich, presumably cholinergic, neurons in sympathetic g...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organizational principles in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system: Subdivision by coexisting peptides (somatostatin-, avian pancreatic polypeptide-, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive materials

Lundberg

Hökfelt

Änggård

et al. 1982

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

168

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“…The presence of two or more putative transmitters in the same mature neuron has been documented in invertebrates (Kerkut et al 1967, Brown stein et al 1974, but see also Osborne 1977 and in the mammalian periph eral (Hokfelt et al 1977a) and central nervous system (Chan-Palay et al 1978, Hokfelt et aI 1978b. In several nuclei of the lower medulla oblongata in the rat, there are neurons that contain either 5-HT or SPLI, or both 5-HT and SPLI (Chan-Palay et aI 1978, Hokfelt et aI 1978b.…”

Section: Substance P and 5-hydroxytryptamine Coexist In Some Medullarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance P as a Transmitter Candidate

Nicoll¹,

Schenker²,

Leeman³

1980

Annu. Rev. Neurosci.

515

125

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“…[42] Most neurons are noradrenergic and supply the stomach, spleen, pancreas, small intestine and mesen-teric blood vessels. [43] In the current study, we identified small, medium and large sized neurons. Such neuronal population has earlier been functionally divided into pilomotor, vasomotor and secretomotor neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the autonomic ganglia of albino rats

Faizal¹,

Khan²

2017

Anatomy

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Objectives: One of the common clinical observations regarding long-standing hyperglycemia is autonomic neuropathy, probably due to its unfavorable destructive effects on the neurons of the autonomic ganglia. Accordingly, the current study was aimed to analyze the effect of experimental hyperglycemia on parasympathetic pterygopalatine ganglion (PtG) and sympathetic coeliac ganglion (ClG) of albino rats.Methods: Thirty-six albino rats were divided into six groups (n=6, each) and were designated as control, two weeks, one month, two months, four months and six months groups. Diabetes was induced with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg, i.p.). Body weight and blood sugar were monitored at biweekly intervals. At the end of each experimental period, animals were euthanized by deep ether anesthesia and blood samples were collected by direct puncture of heart for biochemical analysis. Animals were perfused with Karnovsky fixative. After 48 hours, tissue samples were collected and processed for light microscopy.Results: Biochemical analysis of serum revealed increased serum creatinine and reduced serum total protein. Histopathology and histomorphometry of ganglia revealed that the progressively increasing duration of hyperglycemia was associated with decreased proportion of small-sized neurons, increased proportion of large-sized neurons, dark and dead neurons, and thickening of capsular and endoneurial collagen. Conclusion:The association of the long-standing hyperglycemia with increased neuronal death, altered proportion of neurons and deposition of collagen fibers in autonomic ganglia appear to be important contributing factors likely to be responsible for diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

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Occurrence of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in some peripheral sympathetic noradrenergic neurons

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 344 publications

References 35 publications

Organizational principles in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system: Subdivision by coexisting peptides (somatostatin-, avian pancreatic polypeptide-, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive materials

Organizational principles in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system: Subdivision by coexisting peptides (somatostatin-, avian pancreatic polypeptide-, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive materials

Substance P as a Transmitter Candidate

Effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the autonomic ganglia of albino rats

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