OCCURRENCE, PREVALENCE AND INTENSITY OF INTERNAL PARASITE INFECTIONS OF AFRICAN LIONS (<i>PANTHERA LEO</i>) IN ENCLOSURES AT A RECREATION PARK IN ZIMBABWE

Mukarati, Norman L.; Vassilev, George D.; Tagwireyi, Whatmore Munetsi; Tavengwa, Michael

doi:10.1638/2012-0273r.1

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…in non-human primates were reported to be more prevalent [10] [15] [19] [36]. The incidence of Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonine in Lions in the current study was supported by Okulewicz et al [37], Pawar et al [38], Mukarati et al, [39]. In line with the present study Engh et al [40] reported that Toxocara canis was infecting hyena in the Masai Mara national reserve of Kenya while Luty [41] recovered it in the feces of foxes in the University zoological garden of south western Nigeria.…”

Section: Identification Of Species Of Gastrointestinal Parasitessupporting

confidence: 69%

Study on Gastrointestinal Parasitism of Wild Animals in Captivity at the Zoological Garden of Haramaya University, Ethiopia

Dashe¹,

Berhanu²

2020

OJVM

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Captivity of wild animals and restriction of their movement can lead to stress, resulting in suppressed immune response and reduced disease resistance ability. Wild animals in zoological gardens can predominately affected by various gastro-intestinal parasites. This study was therefore, conducted to determine occurrence, identify types and assess seasonal variation of gastrointestinal parasites in captive animals at the Zoological garden of Haramaya University. The study involved a retrospective investigation of zoo records and fecal examinations. Twenty two fecal samples were collected in December, 2013 from all the animals in the garden and examined using concentration and fecal culture techniques. Sampling was repeated after four months in April, 2014 to assess seasonal variations of the parasites. The result from the retrospective study showed death of 21 animals in the last five years. Fecal examination confirmed presence of gastrointestinal parasites with an overall mean prevalence rate of 73.8%. A total of 9 parasite taxa were identified of which 6 (66.67%) and 4 (33.33%) were helminths and protozoa respectively. No Cestode and Trematode species were recovered. Trichuris spp., Toxocara spp., Strongyloides spp., Toxascaris leonine, Passalurus ambiguous and Ascaridia spp. were the helminth parasites observed in the garden. Entamoeba spp., Isospora spp. and Eimeria spp. were the protozoan parasites encountered. No remarkable seasonal variation in parasitic infection was noticed in the garden. The study revealed occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in the zoological garden, most of which are zoonotic and hence future studies are needed to determine risks of cross-transmission.

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Section: Identification Of Species Of Gastrointestinal Parasitessupporting

confidence: 69%

Study on Gastrointestinal Parasitism of Wild Animals in Captivity at the Zoological Garden of Haramaya University, Ethiopia

Dashe¹,

Berhanu²

2020

OJVM

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“…Wildlife farms (herein referred to as facilities that breed non-domesticated species for commercial purposes) in particular can create opportunity for pathogen transmission between wild animals and their human caretakers because of regular or prolonged contact for husbandry purposes [13]. Furthermore, conditions often associated with wildlife farms, such as high concentrations of wild animals in the same enclosures, poor hygiene, and stress associated with captive conditions, can reduce resistance to pathogens and increase the risk for transmission of disease [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

African Lions and Zoonotic Diseases: Implications for Commercial Lion Farms in South Africa

Green¹,

Jakins²,

Asfaw³

et al. 2020

Animals

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African lions (Panthera leo) are bred in captivity on commercial farms across South Africa and often have close contact with farm staff, tourists, and other industry workers. As transmission of zoonotic diseases occurs through close proximity between wildlife and humans, these commercial captive breeding operations pose a potential risk to thousands of captive lions and to public health. An understanding of pathogens known to affect lions is needed to effectively assess the risk of disease emergence and transmission within the industry. Here, we conduct a systematic search of the academic literature, identifying 148 peer-reviewed studies, to summarize the range of pathogens and parasites known to affect African lions. A total of 63 pathogenic organisms were recorded, belonging to 35 genera across 30 taxonomic families. Over half were parasites (35, 56%), followed by viruses (17, 27%) and bacteria (11, 17%). A number of novel pathogens representing unidentified and undescribed species were also reported. Among the pathogenic inventory are species that can be transmitted from lions to other species, including humans. In addition, 83 clinical symptoms and diseases associated with these pathogens were identified. Given the risks posed by infectious diseases, this research highlights the potential public health risks associated with the captive breeding industry. We recommend that relevant authorities take imminent action to help prevent and manage the risks posed by zoonotic pathogens on lion farms.

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“…in captive mammals at the zoo of Zagreb, Croatia, the parasite was detected in 38 of the 131 animals (29%) tested using epifluorescence microscopy, and positive PCR results were obtained for 23 of 27 (85%) samples [37]. Results concerning the presence of Giardia in nonhuman primates housed in two Spanish zoological gardens showed an infection rate of 60% (12/20) by microscopy, versus 70% (14/20) by PCR [38]. Mukarati et al also found that the prevalence of Giardia spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Occurrence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in pets and zoo animals in Shanghai, China

Liu

Shen

Liu

et al. 2017

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: High prevalence of Giardia infections occurs in humans and animals, partly because of the increasing numbers of pets. We determined the presence and genotypes of G. duodenalis in pets and zoo animals. Methodology: A total of 84 specimens were collected from dogs and cats from a pet hospital, and 54 specimens from a zoo, which included deer, tigers, yaks, and others. All the specimens were examined by microscopy and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and subsequent sequencing of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), beta-giardin (bg), and triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) genes. Results: Giardia infection was confirmed in 5.95% and 15.48% of animals by microscopy and by PCR, respectively; the detection levels were 13.33% and 26.67% for pets, and 1.85% and 9.26% for zoo animals. Four assemblages were identified: assemblage C in dogs, cats, and a sheep; D in dogs, a wolf, a yak, and a leopard; E in a sheep; and F in a cat and a leopard. PCR gave the highest amplification rate at the gdh locus. Eight, five, and four sequences were novel at the gdh, bg, and tpi loci, respectively. Two tpi sequences of dog-derived assemblage C had 100% homology with amino acid sequences from human-derived isolates. Conclusions: The molecular characterization of G. duodenalis in pets and zoo animals in China is described. Assemblage D was identified in a yak and a leopard for the first time. Multilocus genotyping analysis identified the same tpi gene sequences of assemblage C in dogs and humans, indicating potential zoonotic transmission.

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OCCURRENCE, PREVALENCE AND INTENSITY OF INTERNAL PARASITE INFECTIONS OF AFRICAN LIONS (PANTHERA LEO) IN ENCLOSURES AT A RECREATION PARK IN ZIMBABWE

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Study on Gastrointestinal Parasitism of Wild Animals in Captivity at the Zoological Garden of Haramaya University, Ethiopia

Study on Gastrointestinal Parasitism of Wild Animals in Captivity at the Zoological Garden of Haramaya University, Ethiopia

African Lions and Zoonotic Diseases: Implications for Commercial Lion Farms in South Africa

Occurrence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in pets and zoo animals in Shanghai, China

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