Occurrences of potentially toxic trace metals in groundwater of the state of Punjab in northern India

Krishan, Gopal; Taloor, Ajay Kumar; Sudarsan, Natarajan; Bhattacharya, Prosun; Kumar, Sumant; Ghosh, Naranyan Chandra; Singh, Surjeet; Sharma, Abhishek; Rao, M. Someshwar; Mittal, Sanjay; Sidhu, Buta Singh; Vasisht, Rajesh; Kour, Ramnik

doi:10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100655

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…A metallic, unpleasant taste and mud odor characterize Mn-rich water (samples 5, 6, and 8), which may cause apathy, muscular pain, and anorexia [ 1 , 8 ]. Sources of Mn are represented by industrial activities (such as the production of alkaline batteries or cleaning products), agricultural activities (including the use of fungicides and fertilizers), or mining activities [ 45 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most significant and valuable natural resources on Earth is represented by water, especially water used as drinking water source [ 1 ]. It is estimated that 1.8 billion people (28% of the world population) use untreated water, while 1.2 million (18% of the world population) use water sources with high sanitary risks [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water contains many minerals, nutrients, and dissolved substances. Unfortunately, all water sources, including groundwater, are contaminated and altered due to the presence of toxic contaminants and elements entering the water systems through the hydrological cycle, which also implies continuous degradation [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidermal absorption, inhalation, and food and water ingestion are the main sources of heavy metal accumulation in human and animal bodies [ 10 ]. Sources of heavy metals in the water systems are represented by natural processes, such as the weathering of rocks (also known as the geographic heterogeneity) rich in minerals and anthropogenic factors, such as industrial wastes, sewage leachates, municipal waste disposal, and the inappropriate use of pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture [ 1 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality and Health Risk Assessment of Groundwaters in the Protected Area of Tisa River Basin

Dippong

Resz

2022

IJERPH

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This study was conducted in order to assess the chemistry (41 metalloids and heavy metals and 16 physico-chemical indicators) of groundwater sampled from the protected area of the Tisa River Basin during the months of 2021. Pollution indices were used in order to determine the potential metal pollution level. Consequently, a non-carcinogenic risk assessment of metal through the ingestion of water was done. The results indicated general contamination with ammonium, chloride, iron, and manganese. The samples were rich in Cu, Mg, and Pb, but lower than the maximum limits. Significant correlations were noticed between Al-Fe, Mn-Fe, Mn-Ni, and Cr-Zn, as well as the metal content and pollution index scores. The metal pollution indices indicated three pollution levels (low, medium, and high) based on the metal content and standards regarding the water quality used for drinking purposes. The pollution indices scores ranged from 1.52–41.2. A human health risk assessment indicated no potential non-carcinogenic risk for the studied metals through the consumption of groundwater. The results of three different tools (chronic daily intake, hazard quotient, and hazard index) were below the critical value, except for the aluminium in two samples. This study is one of the first attempts to evaluate the quality of groundwater sources associated with the human health risks of the studied metals from the Tisa River Basin protected area. Based on this research, strategies for managing and controlling the risks can be developed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality and Health Risk Assessment of Groundwaters in the Protected Area of Tisa River Basin

Dippong

Resz

2022

IJERPH

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“…In the modern era, stable isotopes (δ 18 O and δD) of water are widely used in hydrological studies for the identification of key sources of pollution and in other hydrological processes [18][19][20][21][22]. Besides, researchers of different works of life reported the application of environmental isotopes to identify the source of groundwater recharge and estimations of quality, quantity, dating, and their interconnections; seepage from tunnels, reservoirs, canals, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic Assessment of Groundwater Salinity: A Case Study of the Southwest (SW) Region of Punjab, India

Krishan

Rao

Vashisht

et al. 2022

Water

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In recent decades, due to rapid increases in water demand and greater usage of water for irrigation from surface canals, waterlogging problems have been created in the southwest zone of Punjab, coupled with a stagnation in saline zone formation due to salinity ingression. To understand these salinity issues, the present study has been conducted in three districts (Muktsar, Fazilka, and Faridkot) of Punjab to understand the root cause. To this end, groundwater samples were collected from 142 piezometers developed at 40 sites. Electrical conductivity (EC) observations were taken in the field, and collected samples were analyzed for isotopes in the laboratory. Results found that salinity in groundwater arises from the combination of evaporation enrichment and salt dissolution. The dissolved salts may be acquired due to salts from aquifer materials or salts from surface soils dissolving and leaching down with the recharging water. Besides, the zone of interaction is mapped using stable isotopic composition. The study suggests that zone of interaction between aquifers can be effectively used in groundwater augmentation, management, and contamination control at regional and/or global scales to curb water demand in the future.

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Groundwater Contamination in Parts of Northwestern Hyderabad: A Hydrogeochemical and Geospatial Approach

Phani

Prasad²

2023

Impacts of Urbanization on Hydrological Systems in India

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Occurrences of potentially toxic trace metals in groundwater of the state of Punjab in northern India

Cited by 33 publications

References 60 publications

Quality and Health Risk Assessment of Groundwaters in the Protected Area of Tisa River Basin

Quality and Health Risk Assessment of Groundwaters in the Protected Area of Tisa River Basin

Isotopic Assessment of Groundwater Salinity: A Case Study of the Southwest (SW) Region of Punjab, India

Groundwater Contamination in Parts of Northwestern Hyderabad: A Hydrogeochemical and Geospatial Approach

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