Oceanic influence on the precipitation in Venezuela under current and future climate

Tim, Nele; Guenni, Lelys Bravo de

doi:10.1007/s00382-015-2832-6

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…During the austral summer, the ITCZ moves to its southernmost position (Walters et al, ), while the North Atlantic subtropical high is closest to the equator. The combination of these migrations increases the meridional pressure gradient, producing stronger easterlies than during the austral winter (Hastenrath, ; Tim & Bravo de Guenni, ), and allows the northeasterly trade winds to reach southern latitudes. Northeasterly trade winds are the main constituent of the aforementioned low‐level wind maximum over the Orinoco River flatlands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Orinoco Low‐Level Jet: An Investigation of Its Characteristics and Evolution Using the WRF Model

et al. 2019

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The structure and evolution of the low‐level jet over the Orinoco River basin is characterized using finer horizontal, vertical, and temporal resolution than possible in previous studies via dynamical downscaling. The investigation relies on a 5‐month‐long simulation (November 2013 to March 2014) performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting model, with initial and boundary conditions provided by the Global Forecast System analysis. Dynamical downscaling is demonstrated to be an effective method to better resolve the horizontal and vertical characteristics of the Orinoco low‐level jet (OLLJ), improving not only the representation of small‐scale jet streaks within the broader region of low‐level wind enhancement but also its diurnal and austral‐summer evolution. The OLLJ is found to be a single stream tube over Colombia and Venezuela with wind speeds greater than 8 m/s and four distinctive cores varying in height under the influence of sloping terrain. The OLLJ has its maximum monthly mean wind speed (13 m/s) and largest spatial extent (2,100 km × 400 km) in January. The maximum mean wind speeds (13–17 m/s) in the diurnal cycle occur in the early morning, whereas wind speeds are a minimum (8–9 m/s) in the late afternoon when a deep, convective boundary layer is present. The intraseasonal variability of the wind speed and potential temperature only presents significant periodicity in the diurnal and semidiurnal scales, with no other meaningful cycles evident during the austral summer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Orinoco Low‐Level Jet: An Investigation of Its Characteristics and Evolution Using the WRF Model

et al. 2019

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“…Venezuela is located in the north of South America, in the inter‐tropical zone, between latitudes 0.7° N and 12.2° N, and longitudes 59.8° W and 73.4° W (including the island regions). Rainfall in the country is influenced by topography, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), the easterly winds and moisture transport, the anticyclone over the North Atlantic, and the cycle of convection over northern South America, with two main precipitation regimes during the year [3]. In the central and eastern zones, rainfall is unimodal, with a rainy season from May to November and a dry season from November to April.…”

Section: Rainfall Zones Of Venezuelamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig 3. Yearly P(R) and measured and predicted worst-month complementary cumulative distribution for Venezuela's three locations…”

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confidence: 99%

Preliminary rain rate statistics with one‐minute integration time for radio propagation uses in Venezuela

Pérez

Pinto

Torres

et al. 2023

Electronics Letters

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In the present study, rainfall rate statistics for radio propagation applications collected during 1‐year measurement with a 1‐min integration time in three locations of Venezuela are presented and analyzed for the first time in the country. Specifically, the statistics of the worst‐month (WM) are assessed and compared with the Recommendation ITU‐R P.841‐7 prediction model. The results indicate that the model does not accurately predict the statistics of the WM in the country. Also, the performance of Recommendation ITU‐R P.837‐7 (Annex 1 and Annex 2) in estimating the rain rate for a 1‐min integration time at the three locations is examined, with the ITU‐R P.837‐7 Annex 1 exhibiting the best performance and providing results that encourage its use in the prediction of complementary cumulative distributions of rain rate in the country.

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“…In total, 100,000 people were affected by debris flows and landslides caused by rain-induced floods in Venezuela in 1999. Most of the ten thousand disaster deaths can be traced back to residents of informal settlements being washed away during the event [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These proxies are used to address the following questions: (1) how large is the proportion of slums in exposed locations? (2) Is it more likely for slums to be located in steep areas than for formal settlements? (3) Are there differences in the distribution of land shares across the slope classes depending on the morphological settlement type?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Misperceptions of Predominant Slum Locations? Spatial Analysis of Slum Locations in Terms of Topography Based on Earth Observation Data

et al. 2020

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Slums are a physical expression of poverty and inequality in cities. According to the UN definition, this inequality is, e.g., reflected in the fact that slums are much more often located in hazardous zones. However, this has not yet been empirically investigated. In this study, we derive proxies from multi-sensoral high resolution remote sensing data to investigate both the location of slums and the location of slopes. We do so for seven cities on three continents. Using a chi-squared test of homogeneity, we compare the locations of formal areas with that of slums. Contrary to the perception indirectly stated in the literature, we find that slums are in none of the sample cities predominantly located in these exposed areas. In five out of seven cities, the spatial share of slums on hills steeper than 10° is even less than 5% of all slums. However, we also find a higher likelihood of slums occurring in these exposed areas than of formal settlements. In six out of seven sample cities, the probability that a slum is located in steep areas is higher than for a formal settlement. As slums mostly feature higher population densities, these findings reveal a clear tendency that slum residents are more likely to settle in exposed areas.

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Oceanic influence on the precipitation in Venezuela under current and future climate

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

The Orinoco Low‐Level Jet: An Investigation of Its Characteristics and Evolution Using the WRF Model

The Orinoco Low‐Level Jet: An Investigation of Its Characteristics and Evolution Using the WRF Model

Preliminary rain rate statistics with one‐minute integration time for radio propagation uses in Venezuela

Misperceptions of Predominant Slum Locations? Spatial Analysis of Slum Locations in Terms of Topography Based on Earth Observation Data

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