Oceanic response to Hurricane Irma (2017) in the Exclusive Economic Zone of Cuba and the eastern Gulf of Mexico

Avila-Alonso, Dailé; Baetens, Jan; Cárdenas, Rolando; Baets, Bernard De

doi:10.1007/s10236-020-01350-y

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Although the mixed layer did not reach the DCM in the study area (Table 1), it is likely that a small amount of chl-a was eventually transported to the surface since deep near-inertial mixing can raise the surface chl-a concentration (Wang et al, 2020). The higher chl-a concentration anomalies along the trajectory as compared the ones in the square study area from day -3 to 3 ( Figure 9A) are associated with both an increased upward displacement of D20 ( Figure 5B) and the horizontal advection of chl-a-rich waters from the coast of the northwestern Bahamas islands and the east coast of USA, which were impacted by Dorian (Avila et al, 2020). These higher chl-a concentration anomalies are consistent with the fact that surface phytoplankton blooms are common near the TC trajectory (e.g., Babin et al, 2004;Walker et al, 2005;Gierach and Subrahmanyam, 2008;Lin and Oey, 2016;Avila-Alonso et al, 2019).…”

Section: Chlorophyll-a Concentration Bloommentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Then, it turned northwestward and started moving along the east of Florida during the period from 3-5 September as a category 2, but as its core moved over the Gulf Stream, Dorian regained strength and reached category 3 again offshore of the coasts of Georgia and South Carolina ( Figure 1A). Afterwards, Dorian made landfall over Cape Hatteras on September 6 with 157 km h −1 and left the Sargasso Sea this day, when moving beyond 35 • N (Avila et al, 2020).…”

Section: Synoptic History Of Dorian and Humbertomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We computed the translation speed of Dorian and Humberto following the procedure outlined by Babin et al (2004) and Gierach and Subrahmanyam (2008) using the "best track" observations of time and position from the HURDAT2 database of the National Hurricane Center (http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/ hurdat/hurdat2.html). In order to classify these TCs on the basis of their translation speed we followed the approach by Avila-Alonso et al (2020), i.e., a fast (slow) moving TC has a higher (lower) translation speed than the climatological one computed for Atlantic TCs averaged in 5-degree latitude bins (see table in https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd-faq/#tropical-cyclone-climatology, consulted in May 2020). We found that Dorian and Humberto had a mean translation speed of 10.95 and 12.8 km h −1 , respectively, in the 25-30 • N latitudinal band, while the corresponding mean climatological translation speed is 20.1 km h −1 .…”

Section: Climatological Analysis Of Sea Surface Temperature and Chlormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, insights into the phytoplankton response to severe weather events are essential in order to ascertain the capacity of the oceans to absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis (Davis and Yan, 2004). Hence, several studies have assessed the oceanic response to recent major hurricanes in the North Atlantic basin (e.g., Trenberth et al, 2018;Miller et al, 2019b;Avila-Alonso et al, 2020;Hernández et al, 2020) and others in very active hurricane seasons such as in 2005 (e.g., Oey et al, 2006Oey et al, , 2007Shi and Wang, 2007;Gierach and Subrahmanyam, 2008). In this work, we assess the upper oceanic responses induced by Hurricanes Dorian and Humberto in the western Sargasso Sea in 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oceanic response to the consecutive Hurricanes Dorian and Humberto (2019) in the Sargasso Sea

Avila-Alonso¹,

Baetens²,

Cárdenas³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Understanding the oceanic response to tropical cyclones (TCs) is of importance for studies on climate change. Although the oceanic effects induced by individual TCs have been extensively investigated, studies on the oceanic response to the passage of consecutive TCs are rare. In this work, we assess the upper oceanic response to the passage of the Hurricanes Dorian and Humberto over the western Sargasso Sea in 2019 using satellite remote sensing and modelled data. We found that the combined effects of these slow-moving TCs led to an increased oceanic response during the third and fourth post-storm weeks of Dorian (accounting for both Dorian and Humberto effects) because of the induced mixing and upwelling at this time. Overall, anomalies of sea surface temperature, ocean heat content and mean temperature from the sea surface to a depth of 100 m were a 50, 63 and 57% smaller (more negative) in the third/fourth post-storm weeks than in the first/second poststorm weeks (accounting only for Dorian effects) of Dorian, respectively, while surface chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration anomalies, the mean ch-a concentration in the euphotic zone and the chl-a concentration in the deep chlorophyll maximum were 16, 4 and 16% higher in the third/fourth post-storm weeks than in the first/second post-storm weeks, respectively. The sea surface cooling and increased biological response induced by these TCs were significantly higher (Mann-Whitney test p < 0.05) as compared to climatological records. Our climatological analysis reveals that the strongest TC-induced oceanographic variability in the western Sargasso Sea can be associated with the occurrence of consecutive TCs and long-lasting TC forcing.

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Section: Chlorophyll-a Concentration Bloommentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Synoptic History Of Dorian and Humbertomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Climatological Analysis Of Sea Surface Temperature and Chlormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oceanic response to the consecutive Hurricanes Dorian and Humberto (2019) in the Sargasso Sea

Avila-Alonso¹,

Baetens²,

Cárdenas³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Spawning and retention of larvae are associated with relatively productive zones that may enhance feeding opportunities (Kleckner and McCleave, 1988;Munk et al, 2010). Eels' survival during their early larvae stages is strongly correlated with food availability, specifically with planktonic organisms (Riemann et al, 2010;Ayala et al, 2018). Consequently, climate-driven processes affecting nutrient availability and phytoplankton primary production affect levels of eel larval survival in areas with high spawning activity, as well as its recruitment (Bonhommeau et al, 2008a, b;Miller et al, 2016).…”

Section: Temporal Evolution Of the Oceanic Response To Consecutive Tcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oceanic response to the consecutive Hurricanes Dorian and Humberto (2019) in the Sargasso Sea

Avila-Alonso

Baetens

Cárdenas

2021

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Understanding the oceanic response to tropical cyclones (TCs) is of importance for studies on climate change. Although the oceanic effects induced by individual TCs have been extensively investigated, studies on the oceanic response to the passage of consecutive TCs are rare. In this work, we assess the upper-oceanic response to the passage of Hurricanes Dorian and Humberto over the western Sargasso Sea in 2019 using satellite remote sensing and modelled data. We found that the combined effects of these slow-moving TCs led to an increased oceanic response during the third and fourth post-storm weeks of Dorian (accounting for both Dorian and Humberto effects) because of the induced mixing and upwelling at this time. Overall, anomalies of sea surface temperature, ocean heat content, and mean temperature from the sea surface to a depth of 100 m were 50 %, 63 %, and 57 % smaller (more negative) in the third–fourth post-storm weeks than in the first–second post-storm weeks of Dorian (accounting only for Dorian effects), respectively. For the biological response, we found that surface chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration anomalies, the mean chl a concentration in the euphotic zone, and the chl a concentration in the deep chlorophyll maximum were 16 %, 4 %, and 16 % higher in the third–fourth post-storm weeks than in the first–second post-storm weeks, respectively. The sea surface cooling and increased biological response induced by these TCs were significantly higher (Mann–Whitney test, p<0.05) compared to climatological records. Our climatological analysis reveals that the strongest TC-induced oceanographic variability in the western Sargasso Sea can be associated with the occurrence of consecutive TCs and long-lasting TC forcing.

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Mesozooplankton biomass, grazing and trophic structure in the bluefin tuna spawning area of the oceanic Gulf of Mexico

Landry

Swalethorp

2021

Journal of Plankton Research

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We investigated size-fractioned biomass, isotopes and grazing of mesozooplankton communities in the larval habitat of Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABT) in the oceanic Gulf of Mexico (GoM) during the peak spawning month of May. Euphotic-zone biomass ranged from 101 to 513 mg C m−2 during the day and 216 to 798 mg C m−2 at night. Grazing varied from 0.1 to 1.0 mg Chla m−2 d−1, averaging 1–3% of phytoplankton Chla consumed d−1. Carnivorous taxa dominated the biomass of > 1-mm zooplankton (78% day; 60% night), while only 13% of smaller zooplankton were carnivores. δ15N enrichment between small and large sizes indicates a 0.5–0.6 trophic-step difference. Although characteristics of GoM zooplankton are generally similar to those of remote oligotrophic subtropical regions, zooplankton stocks in the ABT larval habitat are disproportionately high relative to primary production, compared with HOT and BATS averages. Growth-grazing balances for phytoplankton were resolved with a statistically insignificant residual, and trophic fluxes from local productivity were sufficient to satisfy C demand of suspension feeding mesozooplankton. While carnivore C demand was met by local processes in the central GoM, experiments closer to the coastal margin suggest the need for a lateral subsidy of zooplankton biomass to the oceanic region.

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Oceanic response to Hurricane Irma (2017) in the Exclusive Economic Zone of Cuba and the eastern Gulf of Mexico

Cited by 3 publications

References 96 publications

Oceanic response to the consecutive Hurricanes Dorian and Humberto (2019) in the Sargasso Sea

Oceanic response to the consecutive Hurricanes Dorian and Humberto (2019) in the Sargasso Sea

Oceanic response to the consecutive Hurricanes Dorian and Humberto (2019) in the Sargasso Sea

Mesozooplankton biomass, grazing and trophic structure in the bluefin tuna spawning area of the oceanic Gulf of Mexico

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