Oceanographic context of the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1): A physical, chemical, and biological overview

Griffiths, F. Brian; Bates, T. S.; Quinn, Patricia K.; Clementson, Lesley A.; Parslow, John

doi:10.1029/1999jd900386

Cited by 48 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Incorporation of the surface processes into a kinetic model lead to a quantitative reproduction of the laboratory measurements of the time-dependent concentrations of ozone and chlorine in the aerosol chamber [42]. Moreover, agreement has been found also between predictions of the new kinetic model and field measurements of diurnal concentrations of Cl and OH radicals above the Southern Ocean [42,102,103].…”

Section: Atmospheric Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Ions at the Air/Water Interface

2002

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We present results from theoretical studies of aqueous ionic solvation of alkali halides aimed at developing a microscopic description of structure and dynamics at the interface between air and salt solutions. The traditional view has depicted the air/solution interface of simple electrolytes as being devoid of ions. However, it is now firmly established that polarizable anions, such as the heavier halides, occupy the surface of small to medium sized water clusters. Using a combination of theoretical calculations, including ab initio quantum chemistry, Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations, and primarily molecular dynamics simulations based on polarizable force fields, we present a unified view of the interfacial structure of aqueous ionic clusters and bulk solutions. Indeed, we demonstrate that the heavier halogen anions have a propensity for the interface that is proportional to their polarizabil- * Electronic mail: jungwirt@jh-inst.cas.cz † Electronic mail: dtobias@uci.edu 2

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Section: Atmospheric Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Ions at the Air/Water Interface

2002

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“…Copepods and mesopelagic fish, particularly myctophids, are important primary and secondary consumers of the phytoplankton in these waters and form an alternative food web for squid, predatory mesopelagic fish, and penguins (Kozlov, 1995;Cherel et al, 2010;Murphy et al, 2016). Measured rates of microzooplankton grazing (Jones et al, 1998;Griffiths et al, 1999;Safi et al, 2007;Pearce et al, 2011), together with high grazer biomass (Kopczyńska et al, 2001) suggest that grazers consume much of the primary productivity in this region. As a result of the physical and biological factors limiting primary Frontiers in Marine Science | www.frontiersin.org Small arrows indicate diabatic transport due to interior mixing.…”

Section: Sub-antarctic Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean Phytoplankton in a Changing Climate

2017

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Phytoplankton are the base of the Antarctic food web, sustain the wealth and diversity of life for which Antarctica is renowned, and play a critical role in biogeochemical cycles that mediate global climate. Over the vast expanse of the Southern Ocean (SO), the climate is variously predicted to experience increased warming, strengthening wind, acidification, shallowing mixed layer depths, increased light (and UV), changes in upwelling and nutrient replenishment, declining sea ice, reduced salinity, and the southward migration of ocean fronts. These changes are expected to alter the structure and function of phytoplankton communities in the SO. The diverse environments contained within the vast expanse of the SO will be impacted differently by climate change; causing the identity and the magnitude of environmental factors driving biotic change to vary within and among bioregions. Predicting the net effect of multiple climate-induced stressors over a range of environments is complex. Yet understanding the response of SO phytoplankton to climate change is vital if we are to predict the future state/s of the ecosystem, estimate the impacts on fisheries and endangered species, and accurately predict the effects of physical and biotic change in the SO on global climate. This review looks at the major environmental factors that define the structure and function of phytoplankton communities in the SO, examines the forecast changes in the SO environment, predicts the likely effect of these changes on phytoplankton, and considers the ramifications for trophodynamics and feedbacks to global climate change. Predictions strongly suggest that all regions of the SO will experience changes in phytoplankton productivity and community composition with climate change. The nature, and even the sign, of these changes varies within and among regions and will depend upon the magnitude and sequence in which these environmental changes are imposed. It is likely that predicted changes to phytoplankton communities will affect SO biogeochemistry, carbon export, and nutrition for higher trophic levels.

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“…(3) Field measurements using Water Surface Sampler (WSS) and Knife-edge Surrogate Surface (KSS) techniques [36]. Table 7 Deposition velocity of ammonia over seawater Quinn et al [44] Griffiths et al [45] Quinn et al [46] Barrett [47] Asman et al [48] Poor et al [42] Lee et al [38] Larsen et al [43] have compiled all the results published so far for the deposition velocity of ammonia over seawater ( Table 7).…”

Section: Determination Of the Deposition Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%