Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms on the Ecuadorian Coast (1997–2017): Integrating Remote Sensing and Biological Data

Borbor-Córdova, Mercy J.; Torres, Gladys; Mantilla-Saltos, Gabriel; Casierra-Tomala, Ashley; Bermúdez, Rafael; Rentería, Willington; Bayot, Bonny

doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00013

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, recent studies regarding phytoplankton distribution in response to ENSO events have been published , but, unfortunately, species identification is not indicated as a result. Another recent study explored the oceanography of red tides using remote sensing data from 1997 to 2017, confirmed that potential HABs have been dominated by dinoflagellates during wet season mostly at the Gulf of Guayaquil (Borbor-Cordova et al, 2019). Furthermore, dinoflagellates abundance reported in the present study was not high and the number of proliferations was low, only Gymnodinium sp exceeded 10 6 cell.…”

Section: Dinoflagellate Communitysupporting

confidence: 76%

“…catenatum, P. micans, C. catenatum and Dinophysis caudata among others. As for the present study, lower abundances were registered for toxic species, slightly higher in the Gulf of Guayaquil than in La Libertad and Manta (Borbor-Cordova et al, 2019). Unfortunately, Esmeraldas was not considered in the study and data corresponded only to wet season.…”

Section: Dinoflagellate Communitycontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…In 2015, associated with El Niño ENSO event, higher dinoflagellate species richness values were registered during the wet season in La Libertad, Puerto Bolivar and Esmeraldas, reaching a maximum of 28 species in dry season in Puerto Bolivar, that could be linked with upwelling and higher nutrients concentrations (Borbor-Cordova et al, 2019). In 2017, higher values are also observed in each station with the highest found in Puerto Bolivar in agreement with Prado et al (2015), associating the event with the presence of the Humboldt current.…”

Section: Dinoflagellate Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Dinoflagellates Along the Tropical Eastern Pacific Coast (Ecuador)

et al. 2019

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Among marine phytoplankton, dinoflagellates are a key component in marine ecosystems as primary producers. Some species synthesize toxins, associated with human seafood poisoning, and mortality in marine organisms. Thus, there is a large necessity to understand the role of environmental variables in dinoflagellates spatialtemporal patterns in response to future climate scenarios. In that sense, a monthly four-year (2013-2017) monitoring was taken to evaluate dinoflagellates abundances and physical-chemical parameters in the water column at different depths. Sampling sites were established at 10 miles in four locations within the Ecuadorian coast. A total of 102 taxa were identified, corresponding to 8 orders, 22 families, and 31 genera. Eight potentially harmful genera were registered but no massive blooms were detected. The most frequent dinoflagellates were Gymnodinium sp. and Gyrodinium sp. Environmental variables showed different mixing layer thickness and a conspicuous and deepening thermocline/oxycline/halocline and nutricline depending on annual and seasonal oceanographic fluctuations. This study confirms that seasonal and spatial distribution of the environmental variables are linked to the main current systems on the Eastern Tropical Pacific, thus the warm Panama current lead to a less dinoflagellates abundance in the north of Ecuador (Esmeraldas), while the Equatorial Upwelling and the cold nutrient-rich Humboldt Current influence dinoflagellates abundance at the central (Manta, La Libertad) and South of Ecuador (Puerto Bolivar), respectively. Interannual variability of dinoflagellates abundance is associated with ENSO and upwelling conditions. Climate change scenarios predict an increase in water surface temperature and extreme events frequency in tropical areas, so it is crucial to involve policy-makers and stakeholders in the implementation of future laws involving long-term monitoring and sanitary programs, not covered at present.

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Section: Dinoflagellate Communitysupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Dinoflagellate Communitycontrasting

confidence: 49%

Section: Dinoflagellate Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Dinoflagellates Along the Tropical Eastern Pacific Coast (Ecuador)

et al. 2019

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“…Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have caused massive mortalities of bottlenose dolphins in Florida (e.g., Flewelling et al, 2005;Fire et al, 2015), as well as outbreaks of morbillivirus around the world (Taubenberger et al, 1996;Van Bressem et al, 2014). Red tides are not rare events in the Gulf of Guayaquil and some of them were confirmed to have been toxic (Borbor-Cordova et al, 2019), so it is not ruled out that a mortality event could have happened at that time. Outbreaks of mass cetacean mortality have not been reported in Ecuador but in the north of Peru in 2012 (200 km south the Gulf of Guayaquil) large-scale mortality involving more than 800 small cetaceans of six different species including bottlenose dolphins were reported (Instituto del Mar del Perú [IMARPE], 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imminent Risk of Extirpation for Two Bottlenose Dolphin Communities in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador

Félix

Burneo

2020

Front. Mar. Sci.

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A long-term study of a common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) population inhabiting the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador (2 • 33 S, 79 • 20 W), has been carried out for almost 30 years. Similarly, as in other parts of the world, this population is structured socially and spatially in well-defined subunits or communities. Two of these communities, referred to as Posorja and El Morro, have been studied with major intensity in the last 10 years in the western inner estuary, among others to calculate population parameters that allow assessing their viability in time. Calculated parameters include annual abundance, age and sex composition, annual crude birth rate, calf survival, calf production interval, and average annual mortality/emigration. With these parameters and others derived from other better-studied populations, the trend of both subunits was modeled using the software Vortex. Results show that even under an optimistic scenery both communities will be extinct in the short (Posorja) and mid-term (El Morro), if current stressors continue. Most population parameters calculated in both communities show similar values as in populations elsewhere, but a very low calf survival in Posorja and high mortality/emigration ratios in adults, and probably in juveniles in both communities, contribute to this trend. Population deterioration seems to be the result of different human-induced threats such as fisheries, maritime traffic and others still not well assessed, as well as stochastic demographic events. We recommend taking actions in the short term to halt population decline addressing the major causes of mortality affecting these dolphin communities.

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“…This was done by using a gentle vacuum pump system as described in Boxhammer et al (2016). Small subsamples (in total < 10%) were used for particle sinking velocity and respiration measurements as described in Stange et al (2018). The bulk samples were concentrated by centrifugation, deep frozen at −30 • C and then freeze dried for 72 h. The dried bulk samples were ground in a ball mill to a homogeneous powder of 2 -60 µm particle size and analyzed for biogenic silica (BSi SED ), total particulate carbon (TPC SED ), nitrogen (TPN SED ), and phosphorus (TPP SED ) as described by Boxhammer et al (2016).…”

Section: Sediment Trap Sampling and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Levels of Ocean Acidification Restructure the Plankton Community and Biogeochemistry of a Temperate Coastal Ecosystem: A Mesocosm Study

et al. 2021

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The oceans’ uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) decreases seawater pH and alters the inorganic carbon speciation – summarized in the term ocean acidification (OA). Already today, coastal regions experience episodic pH events during which surface layer pH drops below values projected for the surface ocean at the end of the century. Future OA is expected to further enhance the intensity of these coastal extreme pH events. To evaluate the influence of such episodic OA events in coastal regions, we deployed eight pelagic mesocosms for 53 days in Raunefjord, Norway, and enclosed 56–61 m3 of local seawater containing a natural plankton community under nutrient limited post-bloom conditions. Four mesocosms were enriched with CO2 to simulate extreme pCO2 levels of 1978 – 2069 μatm while the other four served as untreated controls. Here, we present results from multivariate analyses on OA-induced changes in the phyto-, micro-, and mesozooplankton community structure. Pronounced differences in the plankton community emerged early in the experiment, and were amplified by enhanced top-down control throughout the study period. The plankton groups responding most profoundly to high CO2 conditions were cyanobacteria (negative), chlorophyceae (negative), auto- and heterotrophic microzooplankton (negative), and a variety of mesozooplanktonic taxa, including copepoda (mixed), appendicularia (positive), hydrozoa (positive), fish larvae (positive), and gastropoda (negative). The restructuring of the community coincided with significant changes in the concentration and elemental stoichiometry of particulate organic matter. Results imply that extreme CO2 events can lead to a substantial reorganization of the planktonic food web, affecting multiple trophic levels from phytoplankton to primary and secondary consumers.

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Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms on the Ecuadorian Coast (1997–2017): Integrating Remote Sensing and Biological Data

Cited by 14 publications

References 94 publications

Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Dinoflagellates Along the Tropical Eastern Pacific Coast (Ecuador)

Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Dinoflagellates Along the Tropical Eastern Pacific Coast (Ecuador)

Imminent Risk of Extirpation for Two Bottlenose Dolphin Communities in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador

Extreme Levels of Ocean Acidification Restructure the Plankton Community and Biogeochemistry of a Temperate Coastal Ecosystem: A Mesocosm Study

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