Ochratoxin A oral mycotoxin and honey dietary intake effects on TNF-α immunology response, lactic acid bacteria microbial louds, β-glucuronidase enzyme activity, some hematological and biochemical parameters on mice

Abstract

The current study aimed to evaluate ochratoxin A oral mycotoxin and the dietary intake effects of four honey varieties (Nigella sativa, moringa, sidr, and pumpkin–coded as NS, MO, SI, and PU respectively), on the TNF-α immunology response, lactic acid bacteria microbial louds (Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria), β-glucuronidase enzyme activity, some hematological and biochemical parameters of mice. MO Honey Group + OTA Infection had the highest value of TNF-α immunology response at 445.17 pg/mL. It was followed by PU Honey Group + OTA Infection at 360.88 pg/mL, while NS Honey Group + OTA Infection reported the lowest at 210.03 pg/mL. Honey dietary intake efficiently increased the colonic probiotic bacteria counts Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, in the animal’s cecum from 0.93 in SI Honey Group + OTA Infection to 2.59 in MO Honey Group + OTA Infection and from 1.78 in PU Honey Group + OTA Infection to 3.22 in NS Honey Group + OTA Infection Log 10 CFU/g, respectively. The β-glucuronidases enzyme activity in the caecum contents of mice groups ranged from 0.31 μmol/g in PU Honey Group + OTA Infection to 0.36 μmol/g in SI Honey Group + OTA Infection. Positive and negative control mice groups reported 7.22 and 6.98 × 109 L−1; 8.09 and 8.44 × 1012 L−1 for white blood cell and red blood cell counts, respectively. The mean glutathione concentrations were from 3.17 ng/g in MO Honey Group + OTA Infection, to 4.32 ng/g in SI Honey Group + OTA Infection. Catalase activities ranged from 0.99 u/gin MO Honey Group + OTA Infection to 1.08 u/g in the PU Honey Group + OTA Infection. Honey dietary intake decreased malondialdehyde concentrations in infected mice groups and ranged from 3.84 nmol/g in NS Honey Group + OTA Infection to 5.47 nmol/g in MO Honey Group + OTA Infection. NS Honey Group + OTA Infection reported the lowest values for alkaline phosphatase as 70.15 U L−1, glucose as 6.12 mmol L−1, and urea as 4.89 mmol L−1. SI Honey Group + OTA Infection reported the highest values for AP as 75.52 U L−1 and urea as 5.78 mmol L−1. PU Honey Group + OTA Infection reported the lowest value for ALT as 55.47 U L−1 and the highest value for glucose as 7.88 mmol L−1.

FABP4 and Metabolite Profile in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mice Model Treated with Moringa oleifera Ethanol Leaf Extract

“…The RBC parameter showed a significant increase in treated with MOLE1 compared to positive control [(9,9 (9,3-10,0) x1012 cells/L vs (7,7 (7,0-9,0) x1012 cells/L), p<0,05]. RBC count in mice tends to increase after endotoxin induction, 35 providing significant results with MOLE therapy. This is consistent with previous research conducted on healthy mice 34,36 and mice induced with cyclophosphamide as an immunomodulation condition, which experienced an increase in RBC count.…”