The article considers the influence of strains of associative rhizospheric growth-promoting bacteria on the growth and productivity of spring durum wheat. Seeds before sowing and plants in the tillering phase were inoculated with a suspension of rhizospheric bacteria Azospirillum brasilense of strains Sp245, Sp7, Cd, SR80 and SR88, Ochrobactrum cytisi IPA7.2, Enterobacter cloacae K7. Significant differences were observed in terms of productivity of inoculated wheat plants in comparison with the control. Two strains of bacteria A brasilense SR80, SR88 promoted plant growth. Strains of rhizospheric bacteria A. brasilense Sp245, Sp7, SR80, SR88, and E. cloacae K7 under arid conditions of the Volga’s Left Bank of the Saratov Region contributed to an increase in the photo synthetic surface of leaves and the productivity of photosynthesis, which affected the formation of spring durum wheat productivity. Strains of rhizospheric bacteria A brasilense Sp245 and Sp7 positively affected the grain quality. Agrobiotechnology based on associative microsymbionts can be used to optimize environmentally sound technologies for the production of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) in the organic farming system.