Ockelbo Disease in Sweden: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Virological Data from the 1982 Outbreak

Espmark, Åke; Niklasson, Bo

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1984.33.1203

Cited by 56 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…In 1982 in Sweden, most of the 65 serologically diagnosed cases occurred in August. Incidence was highest for men 30-39 years of age and women 50-59 years of age, and prevalence was highest in central Sweden (37). Similar temporal and geographic fi ndings were reported for 1981-1987; seroprevalence was 2.5% (38).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Sindbis Virus Infection in Resident Birds, Migratory Birds, and Humans, Finland

Kurkela

Rätti

Huhtamo

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Sindbis virus (SINV), a mosquito-borne virus that causes rash and arthritis, has been causing outbreaks in humans every seventh year in northern Europe. To gain a better understanding of SINV epidemiology in Finland, we searched for SINV antibodies in 621 resident grouse, whose population declines have coincided with human SINV outbreaks, and in 836 migratory birds. We used hemagglutination-inhibition and neutralization tests for the bird samples and enzyme immunoassays and hemagglutination-inhibition for the human samples. SINV antibodies were fi rst found in 3 birds (red-backed shrike, robin, song thrush) during their spring migration to northern Europe. Of the grouse, 27.4% were seropositive in 2003 (1 year after a human outbreak), but only 1.4% were seropositive in 2004. Among 2,529 persons, the age-standardized seroprevalence (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003) was 5.2%; seroprevalence and incidence (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003) were highest in North Karelia (eastern Finland). Grouse may contribute to the epidemiology of SINV in humans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Sindbis Virus Infection in Resident Birds, Migratory Birds, and Humans, Finland

Kurkela

Rätti

Huhtamo

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…30 Many of the Palearctic, long-distance avian migrants are channeled into Africa via the Great Rift Valley to their winter quarters; 31 infected birds returning north provide a means for direct and relatively rapid movement of WN virus from enzootic foci in Africa into favorable habitats in southern Europe. 30 Epidemics of febrile disease in Scandinavia in 1982 32 have been attributed to the translocation of SIN virus from South Africa to northern Europe by migrating birds 33 and provide support for this scenario.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

First field evidence for natural vertical transmission of West Nile virus in Culex univittatus complex mosquitoes from Rift Valley province, Kenya.

Miller

Nasci²,

Godsey³

et al. 2000

Am J Trop Med Hyg

160

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“…SINV outbreaks occur in Europe in common cycles. In 1981 Sweden reported 54 cases (Ockelbo), Russia 200 cases (Karelian) and Finland 300 cases (Pogosta) of clinically and serologically diagnosed SINV infection (Brummer-Korvenkontio et al, 2002;Espmark & Niklasson, 1984;L'Vov D et al, 1982). Outbreaks of Pogosta disease have thus far emerged every seven years since the first outbreak was noted in 1974, including a large outbreak in 2002 (Sane et al, 2010).…”

Section: Sindbis Virus (Sinv)mentioning

confidence: 99%