OCT angiography and evaluation of the choroid and choroidal vascular disorders

Borrelli, Enrico; Sarraf, David; Freund, K. Bailey; Sadda, Srinivas R.

doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.07.002

Cited by 267 publications

(240 citation statements)

References 216 publications

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“…Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is becoming an integral part of the multimodal imaging of retinal vascular diseases, as a three-dimensional (3D), repeatable, and non-invasive tool. OCTA can distinguish in vivo the macular retinal capillary plexuses, with results similar to those from histological studies 1,2 . In the assessment of macular diseases, OCTA has allowed obtaining satisfying results, comparable or even better than those obtained with dye angiography [3][4][5] .…”

supporting

confidence: 60%

Retinal Capillary Plexus Pattern and Density from Fovea to Periphery Measured in Healthy Eyes with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Lavia

Mecê

Nassisi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Optical coherence tomography angiography is evolving towards wider fields of view. As single widefield acquisitions have a lower resolution, preventing an accurate segmentation of vascular plexuses in the periphery, we examined the retinal vascularisation from the macula to the periphery in all retinal quadrants, using 3 × 3-mm volume scans, to obtain montages with sufficient image resolution up to 11 mm from the foveal centre. Images were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed, using C-and B-scan approaches to calculate the capillary density (CD) and the interplexus distance (IPD). three vascular plexuses (i.e., superficial vascular plexus: SVP, intermediate capillary plexus: ICP, and deep capillary plexus: DCP) were observed up to the mid-periphery in all sectors. The CD of the SVP decreased from about 5 mm of eccentricity, along with ganglion cell density decrease. The CD of the icp progressively decreased from the fovea towards the periphery, along with the retinal thinning and then vanished from 8 to 9 mm of eccentricity, becoming undetectable beyond. This ICP disappearance resulted in an increased IPD between the SVP and the DCP in an area known to be frequently affected by capillary drop-out in diabetic retinopathy. The DCP only showed a slightly decreased CD towards the retinal periphery.Thus, it becomes important to better know the morphology, distribution and density of the different capillary plexuses from the fovea to the periphery. However, although WF-OCTA provides an image of the whole retinal capillary network that is qualitatively better than FA images, the resolution and segmentation of each capillary plexus with wider scans (i.e., 12 × 12-mm C-scans) is not sufficient to reliably assess the capillary plexuses and measure the capillary density (CD) 17,18 .The aim of this study was to evaluate the normal retinal vascularisation from the fovea to the far periphery. To overcome some of the limitations of wider scans, montages of small-field (3 × 3-mm) OCTA C-scans were used to provide a better resolution and fewer segmentation artefacts. MethodsDemographics. This study, conducted in the

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supporting

confidence: 60%

Retinal Capillary Plexus Pattern and Density from Fovea to Periphery Measured in Healthy Eyes with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Lavia

Mecê

Nassisi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…20 This association with AL could be explained by the large population studied though the coefficient was remarkably low. 3,33 As the retina has two areas with a different blood supply (vascularized inner retina and avascularized outer retina which depends on the choroid), we examined associations T A B L E 5 Multivariate regression analysis of factors determining a greater or lesser vessel density (VD) of the macula in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP) and choriocapillaris (CC) layer in the foveal and parafoveal subfields between these retinal vascular layers and CC. 21 The CC image offered currently by OCTA shows a granular pattern of bright and dark areas of varying sizes, while individual capillaries in the CC cannot be seen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While OCTA shows comparable lateral resolution to structural OCT, it can detect CC blood flow, producing contrast between the RPE and CC. 3,33 As the retina has two areas with a different blood supply (vascularized inner retina and avascularized outer retina which depends on the choroid), we examined associations between these retinal vascular layers and CC. When we looked at associations between VDs recorded in the different plexuses, weak to good correlation was observed for the SCP vs DCP (R = .256-.698; P < .001), but correlation between VDs in these retinal plexuses and CC measurements was always weak (from R = .207 to .363; P < .001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative database and determinants of macular vessel density measured by optical coherence tomography angiography

Fernández‐Vigo

Kudsieh²,

Shi

et al. 2019

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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Importance To provide a normative vessel density (VD) database for the macula through swept‐source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to assess the main determinants of this measurement. Background In contrast with dye angiography, the recently introduced OCTA technique allows for the non‐invasive measurement of retinal and choroidal VD metrics. Design Cross‐sectional study. Participants The right eyes of 346 healthy subjects were studied. In 105 subjects both eyes were imaged. Methods Foveal and parafoveal macular VD measurements were obtained in the retinal superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and in the choriocapillaris (CC) layer. Also recorded were age, sex, axial length (AL), foveal and choroidal thickness (CT). Main Outcome Measures Normative database and determinants of macular VD measured by OCTA. Results Mean participant age was 38.3 ± 20.1 years (mean ± SD) (range 5‐83). Foveal VDs in the different plexuses were: SCP 22.1% ± 5.0% (7.3‐35.1), DCP 19.9% ± 6.3% (6.9‐51.2) and CC: 52.8% ± 4.3% (40.2‐62.1). Parafoveal VDs ranged from 45.4% ± 3.7% to 51.8% ± 4.6%. Positive correlation was observed between foveal VD and foveal thickness (R = .327), as well as between parafoveal DCP VD and CT (R = .250;P ≤ .006), while correlation with age was negative in the SCP and CC (R = −.283;P < .001). No associations were detected between macular VD and sex or AL (P ≥ .05). Conclusion and Relevance Macular VD showed wide individual variation, was positively correlated with foveal thickness and with CT, negatively correlated with age, and showed no correlation with AL or sex.

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“…As suggested by previous pathological researches and angiographic studies, PDT was presumed to cause short-term CC hypoperfusion and long-term choroidal vascular remodeling in the treatment of CSC 5 . Assessment of CC in vivo could be valuable in understanding the pathological mechanism of CSC and the therapeutic effects of PDT 6,7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of choriocapillary blood flow changes in response to half-dose PDT in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy using OCTA

Liu

Chen²,

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: To quantify flow changes in choriocapillaris (CC) in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CCSC) in the treatment of half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) . Methods : A total of 28 affected eyes and 24 unaffected eyes of 26 CCSC patients receiving half-dose PDT, and 40 eyes of 20 healthy gender- and age-matched subjects were retrospectively enrolled. Proportion of total areas of flow signal voids ( FSV , %) in CC level of OCTA were mainly assessments in both eyes of the CCSC patients at baseline and repeated in multiple sections at 1-week, 1-month, 3-month and 6-month intervals after PDT. In addition , CC patterns in response to PDT at early stage and their subsequent morphologic changes were qualitatively documented using OCTA. Results: For affected eyes, significant decrease in FSV was found at 6-m follow-up than 1-m follow-up (p=0.036). Comparing to normal control eyes, FSV in affected eyes was significantly higher at 1-m, 3-m and 6-m follow-up (p<0.05 for all), while FSV in unaffected eyes was significantly higher at baseline, 1-w, 1-m and 3-m follow-up (p<0.05 for all). Three CC patterns of early response to PDT can be identified, including signs of recovery with more even flow signals, transient appearance of worsen ischemia and secondary neovascularization within CC level. Conclusion: Abnormal CC flow attenuation remained in completely resolved eyes of CCSC patients treated with half-dose PDT. Key Words: Chronic; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy; Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography; Photodynamic Therapy

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OCT angiography and evaluation of the choroid and choroidal vascular disorders

Cited by 267 publications

References 216 publications

Retinal Capillary Plexus Pattern and Density from Fovea to Periphery Measured in Healthy Eyes with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Retinal Capillary Plexus Pattern and Density from Fovea to Periphery Measured in Healthy Eyes with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Normative database and determinants of macular vessel density measured by optical coherence tomography angiography

Assessment of choriocapillary blood flow changes in response to half-dose PDT in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy using OCTA

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