Octane Appetite Studies in Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) Engines

Kalghatgi, Gautam; Nakata, Kohei; Mogi, Kazuhisa

doi:10.4271/2005-01-0244

Cited by 82 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Studies indicate that operating conditions in modern engines have shifted away from the RON and MON conditions due to changes in engine design and the adoptions of turbocharging and downsizing, i.e., k has reached negative values [17][18][19]26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ignition delay time sensitivity in ignition quality tester (IQT) and its relation to octane sensitivity

Naser

Sarathy

Chung

2018

Fuel

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Cetane number (CN) is a commonly used metric to rate the ignition quality of distillate fuels. In this work, a concept of sensitivity in ignition delay time (IDT) obtained with an ignition quality tester (IQT) is proposed, which is correlated to octane sensitivity (OS), i.e., the difference between research octane number (RON) and motor octane number (MON). The concept is based on the determination of IDT using the ASTM D6890 standard and IDT obtained at a temperature lower than that prescribed by the standard. The IDT measured at this lower temperature is referred to as IDT l , which is obtained via a calibration procedure similar to the ASTM D6890 standard, but with a higher value of reference IDT for calibration with n-heptane. The IDT h (measured at the derived cetane number (DCN) ASTM D6890 condition) of a given test fuel and a binary primary reference fuel (PRF) mixture of iso-octane and n-heptane was measured to identify a PRF with matching IDT h as the test fuel. The ratio of low temperature IDTs of the non-PRF test fuel and PRF, i.e., IDT l,non-PRF /IDT l,PRF was defined as IDT sensitivity (IDS), which was correlated

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thereby fuels with higher RON and lower MON could have better autoignition characteristics in modern engines [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ignition delay time sensitivity in ignition quality tester (IQT) and its relation to octane sensitivity

Naser

Sarathy

Chung

2018

Fuel

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“…For example, it may not be advisable to use a gasoline such as FACE F gasoline for OoD engine application by on-board separation, as this would result in a high reactive high OS fuel and high octane, low or negative OS fuel. The operation of such a high octane, low or negative OS fuel at higher load condition would result in a fuel with lower OI where a fuel with higher OI would be required [11,61].…”

Section: Prediction Of Ron and Mon Of Gasoline Fractional Distillatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of chemical composition on ignition delay times of gasoline fractions

Naser

Jameel

Emwas

et al. 2019

Combustion and Flame

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Tailoring fuel properties to maximize the efficiency of internal combustion engines is a way towards achieving cleaner combustion systems. In this work, the ignition properties along with the chemical composition (expressed as functional groups) of various light distillate (e.g., gasoline) cuts were analyzed to better understand the properties of full boiling range fuels. Various distillation cuts were obtained with a spinning band distillation system, which were then tested in an ignition quality tester (IQT) to obtain their global chemical reactivity (i.e., ignition delay time (IDT)). The distillates were further analyzed with 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to identify and quantify various functional groups present in them. Various gasolines of research grade with specific target properties set forth by the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) that are known as FACE (fuels for advanced combustion engines) gasolines were distilled. When fuels with low aromatic content were distilled, the higher boiling point (BP) range (i.e., molecular weight) fractions exhibited lower IDT. However, distilled fractions of fuels with high aromatic content showed an initial decrease in IDT with increasing BP, followed by drastic increase in IDT primarily due to increasing aromatic groups. This study provides an understanding on the contribution of various volatile fractions to the IDTs of a multicomponent fuel, which is of relevance to fuel stratification utilized in gasoline compression ignition (GCI) engines to tailor heat release rates.

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“…However, several modeling studies [32], [39] questioned the reliability of using iso-octane alone as gasoline surrogates. This is primarily attributed to the obvious fact that the octane number (ON) of iso-octane is 100 [40] which is relatively higher than that of typical gasoline [41]. The more widespread approach in formulating gasoline surrogates is based on the binary blends of iso-octane and n-heptane which was first proposed by Edgar [42] to measure knock characteristics of commercial gasoline.…”

Section: Development Of Gasoline Surrogate Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in computational fluid dynamics modelling of gasoline direct injection engine combustion and soot emission with chemical kinetic modelling

Tan¹,

Bonatesta²,

Ng³

et al. 2016

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Designed to inject gasoline fuel directly into the combustion chamber, gasoline direct injection (GDI) combustion systems are gaining popularity among the automotive industry. This is because GDI engines offer less pumping and heat losses, enhanced fuel economy and improved transient response. Nonetheless, the technology is often associated with the emission of ultra-fine particulate matter (PM) to the atmosphere. With the increasingly stringent emission regulations, detailed understanding of PM formation within GDI engine configurations is very crucial. To complement the findings based on experimental and optical techniques, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling has been widely utilized to study the in-cylinder physical and chemical events. The success of CFD simulations also requires an accurate representation of gasoline fuel kinetics. Set against the background, the present review reports on the recent developments in chemical kinetic modeling of gasoline fuels and CFD numerical studies for GDI engines emphasizing the combustion and emission stages. Regarding fuel kinetics, the use of primary reference fuel (PRF) and ternary reference fuel (TRF) mechanisms is evaluated. In addition, the current trend portrays a progression towards multi-component surrogate models to account for the complex mixture of practical fuels. It is however observed that many reaction mechanisms proposed in the literature are validated under homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine conditions rather than GDI-related ones. CFD modeling of GDI engines typically covers the simulations of spray, mixture formation and combustion processes. Progress in combustion modeling for both homogeneous and stratified charge modes is discussed thoroughly. Still in its infancy, soot modeling studies for GDI engines are reviewed in which several soot models adapted are appraised. The majority of soot models have been previously applied in diesel combustion systems and flame configurations. Significant efforts are currently carried out to improve the model predictions of soot emission from GDI engines.

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Octane Appetite Studies in Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) Engines

Cited by 82 publications

References 22 publications

Ignition delay time sensitivity in ignition quality tester (IQT) and its relation to octane sensitivity

Ignition delay time sensitivity in ignition quality tester (IQT) and its relation to octane sensitivity

The influence of chemical composition on ignition delay times of gasoline fractions

Developments in computational fluid dynamics modelling of gasoline direct injection engine combustion and soot emission with chemical kinetic modelling

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