Octanol ethoxylation in microchannels

Rupp, Matthias; Ruback, W.; Klemm, Elias

doi:10.1016/j.cep.2013.09.012

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As a consequence, the real volume flow rate of PO may deviate quite a lot from the set value, so we determined density of the mixture according to ref. 9 and calculated the residence time as follows,

τ = \frac{ρ_{mix} V_{R}}{m_{n PPG} + m_{PO}}

where ρ mix denotes the density of the mixture under certain reactants ratio, pressure and temperature without reaction (kg m −3 ); V R means the volume of the micro‐channel reactor (m 3 ); m n PPG and m PO denote the mass flow rate of n PPG and PO, respectively (kg s −1 ).…”

Section: Average Residence Time and Monomer Conversion Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, the real volume flow rate of PO may deviate quite a lot from the set value, so we determined density of the mixture according to ref. [9] and calculated the residence time as follows,…”

Section: Average Residence Time and Monomer Conversion Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the ROP of epoxides is conducted in batch tank reactor, a sudden temperature and pressure rise may happen, causing risk of explosion. Therefore, in most cases, the ROP of epoxides catalyzed by DMC has to conducted in way of semi‐continuous feed‐starving of monomer in industry and laboratory for safety 9. This not only reduces the yield of the process, but also easily forms batch differences of products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rupp9 and Fukuyama31 have respectively carried out the ROP of olefin epoxides catalyzed by alkoxides in C‐MR. Resulting from the lower catalystic activity, their polymerization processes have to be run under very high pressures (around 60 bar or higher), and at very high temperature (over 180 °C)9 or very long average residence time (around 30 min) 31. Several patents32,33 have reported the ROP of olefin epoxides catalyzed by DMC in C‐MR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Propylene Oxide by Double Metal Complex in Micro‐Reactor

Zhao

et al. 2020

Macro Reaction Engineering

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The ring‐opening polymerization of propylene oxide catalyzed by double metal complex (DMC) is carried out in continuous micro‐reactor (C‐MR). It is found that the monomer conversion at the C‐MR outlet is usually 100% within 2 min of average residence time, which means that the polymerization rate in the C‐MR is faster than that in a traditional semi‐continuous tank reactor. However, the induction period still exists in the polymerization in C‐MR, but can be shortened by increasing the reaction temperature or the micro‐reactor length. The mechanism of monomer coordination and ring opening on DMC during the induction period is confirmed by the 1H NMR analysis of the samples obtained under very short average residence time. The molecular weight distribution (MWD) of product from C‐MR is generally narrow, which indicates that the process still maintain the characteristics of the “living” polymerization. That is, there is a very high rate ratio of chain transfer to chain propagation provided by the DMC catalyst. However, with the same average residence time, the MWD of product from the longer C‐MR is broader, which can be attributed to the increase of the chain propagation rate caused by rise of pressure.

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τ = \frac{ρ_{mix} V_{R}}{m_{n PPG} + m_{PO}}

Section: Average Residence Time and Monomer Conversion Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Average Residence Time and Monomer Conversion Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Propylene Oxide by Double Metal Complex in Micro‐Reactor

Zhao

et al. 2020

Macro Reaction Engineering

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“…Innovation is tardy due to the high investment costs and risk avoidance. Although industrial intensification of ethoxylations and propoxylations is not seen applied, some alternatives were discussed in literature and seen patented . Two main directions can be discerned: (a) a catalytic route to accelerate the reaction, especially the slow initial phase and (b) the adoption of continuous systems using higher EO or PO concentrations on which we will focus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propoxylation of fatty amines: Switching from batch to flow

Müller

Aguirre

Ljungdahl³

et al. 2020

J Adv Manuf & Process

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The ethoxylation and propoxylation of fatty amines are important industrial reactions commonly performed in de-intensified semi-batch reactors. The present study aims to intensify these reactions by transferring the process to continuous processing. Therefore, the propoxylation of octylamine, as model system, was performed in a batch reactor and in a micro tubular reactor. The micro tubular reactor operated with a single liquid phase at 15 bar pressure.The batch study found valuable kinetic and solubility information in the temperature range of 120 C-160 C. Moreover, a switch-flow method in the micro tubular reactor combined with inline FTIR gave a more detailed understanding of the reaction kinetics. In the micro tubular reactor, all PO was added in the feed according to stoichiometry, which led to a process intensification factor of 3.7 compared to fed-batch gas phase addition at maximum 2 bar.

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