Ocular and cutaneous sporotrichosis

Abstract

Purpose Sporotrichosis is the most common subcutaneous mycosis in the world and it is presented usually in the lymphocutaneous form. When the eye is involved, it typically includes the conjunctival and periorbital tissues or even the intraocular tissues. Observations We present a case of a 13-year-old girl complaining about nodules in the left malar region and in both the outer nasal corner and the lower eyelid of the left eye, which had appeared one month earlier. Conclusions and significance: Sporotrichosis is a hyperendemic disease in Brazil and its diagnosis is based on clinical aspects, epidemiological history, and culture. Ophthalmologists and other professionals should be aware of this condition.

Human sporotrichosis: recommendations from the Brazilian Society of Dermatology for the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic management

“…2 A, B). 40 It is possible for skin lesions to coexist on the eyelid ipsilateral to conjunctivitis. The presence of satellite lymphadenopathy, associated with ipsilateral granulomatous conjunctivitis, characterizes Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome, often mistaken for cat-scratch disease.…”

Ocular Sporotrichosis

“…Eyelid sporotrichosis is caused by S. schenckii and also by S. brasiliensis and S. globosa (Table 2) [8,11,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Among the adnexa ocular, 82% of these cases are limited to the eyelids [8].…”

“…Other case series in China reported 10 cases of eyelid sporotrichosis, lymphocutaneous (6 cases), fixed cutaneous (3 cases), and eyelid abscess (1 case) [28]. In Brazil, case reports of sporotrichosis in eyelids are increasing [10,26]. Isolated cases also have been reported in Mexico, Costa Rica, Japan, Argentina, Malaysia, and Australia (Table 2) [30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

“…The left eye was more commonly affected than the right one (15 vs. 12 cases, respectively), although in 29 cases, the affected eye was not specified. S. schenckii was isolated in 25% of the cases (14 patients) [39][40][41]44,47,[50][51][52][53] followed by S. brasiliensis (5.3%, 3 cases) [26,45]; isolation was not achieved in 4 patients (7.4%) [3,4,7,11], and in 35 (62.5%), the species involved was not determined [12,34,37,38,43,49]. Previous trauma related to conjunctival implantation was not reported in any patient, although contact with cats was reported in 50 patients (89.3%) (Table 3) [26,34,37,38,40,41,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53].…”

“…Species most commonly isolated in the ocular infections are S. schenckii, Sporothrix spp. [8,11,12,[59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69], S. brasiliensis in Brazil [26,67,68], and S. globosa in China [27].…”