Ocular dysfunction associated with mental handicap

Castañe, M.; Peris, Elvira; Sanchez, Eliane Gouveia de Morais

doi:10.1016/0275-5408(95)00089-v

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Castañe et al . studied the type of refractive error and found that among 46 mentally challenged children, 58.7% had hyperopia (58.7%), 21.7% had myopia (21.7%), and 19.5% had astigmatism, indicating the significantly high proportion of refractive error in these subjects 14. All the aforementioned studies were carried out on mentally challenged children of 5–16 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive error and visual functions in children with special needs compared with the first grade school students in Oman

Vora

Khandekar

Natrajan

et al. 2010

Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol

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Background:We evaluated the refractive status and visual function of children with special needs (other handicap) in 2010 and compared them with healthy 1st grade school students in Oman.Materials and Methods:This was a cohort study. Optometrists recorded vision using a logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) chart. Preferential looking method was used for testing 31 children. Cycloplegic refraction was performed on all children. Contrast sensitivity was tested using 2.5%, 10%, and 100% contrast charts. Ocular movement, alignment, and anterior segment were also assessed. A pediatrician reviewed the health records of all the children at the time of their enrollment in this study to determine if the child had been diagnosed with a systemic condition or syndromes. The visual functions were assessed by study investigators. We estimated the rates and the risk of different visual function defects in children with special needs.Result:The prevalence of refractive error in 70 children (4.7 ± 0.8 years) with special needs (group 1) and 175 normal healthy first grade students (group 2) were 58.5% and 2.9%, respectively. The risk of refractive error was significantly higher in children with special needs [relative risk, 48.1 (95% confidence interval, 17.54–131.8)]. Hyperopia (>1.00 D), myopia (≥ 1.00D) and astigmatism (≥ ±1.00 D) were found in 18.6%, 24.3%, and 27.1%, respectively, in group 1. Six children in this group had defective near vision. Sixteen (80%) children with Down syndrome had refractive error. Seven (50%) children with developmental disorder showed decreased contrast sensitivity.Conclusion:Prevalence of uncorrected refractive error was much higher in children with special needs. Prevalence of strabismus, nystagmus, and reduced contrast sensitivity was also higher in children with special needs. Early vision screening, visual function assessment, correction of refractive error, and frequent follow-up are recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive error and visual functions in children with special needs compared with the first grade school students in Oman

Vora

Khandekar

Natrajan

et al. 2010

Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol

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“…Wong and Ho (1997) evaluated 140 Chinese children in Hong Kong with detailed opthalmologic examination, da Cunha and Moreira (1996) examined 152 children in Brasil, Berk et al (1996) examined 55 patients in Turkey, Castane et al (1995) saw 25 patients in Spain, Roizen et al (1994) evaluated 77 children in Chicago, Courage et al (1994) tested 51 children in Canada, Hestnes et al (1991) saw 30 patients in an institution for individuals with learning diffi culties in Norway and Caputo et al (1989) evaluated 187 medical records in New Jersey.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive errors and visual anomalies in Down syndrome

Merrick¹,

Koslowe²

2001

Downs Syndr. Res. Pract.

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-A comparatively high incidence of ocular and orbital abnormalities has been reported in persons with Down syndrome. Eighty six children (50% male, 50% female) with Down syndrome in several institutions for individuals with learning diffi culties (age range 5-18 years, mean 12.5) were examined for visual impairment in order to relate the ocular impairment to the level of learning diffi culty. 6% had mild, 7% moderate, 45% severe and 42% profound learning diffi culty. 9% of the children had no refractive errors. A signifi cant (P<0.01) positive correlation was found between progressive amounts of strabismus and ocular pathology with increasing amount of learning diffi culty. On the other hand no correlation was found between refractive errors and the level of learning diffi culty. Due to the signifi cant number of ocular disorders found it is recommended that all children with Down syndrome should have an eye examination during the fi rst six months of life and annually thereafter.

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“…Non-cycloplegic retinoscopy has been used previously to examine neurologically intpaircd children (Castane et al 1995, Lcat 1996, and enables any significant refnctive error to bc corrected prior to visual icuity assessment. Visual acuity was estimated using both acuity cards and VEE Full details of these procedures have been described previously (Mackie et al 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between neurological status, refractive error, and visual acuity in children: a clinical study

Mackie

McCulloch

Saunders

et al. 1998

Develop Med Child Neuro

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*Correspondence t o first circtbor N I nboiie iiddress. ' ?The aims of the present study were: (1) to determine the refractive status and visual acuity of a group of 75 neurologically impaired children (5 to 192 months of age); and (2) to investigate the relation between the visual and neurological status of these children. Refractive error was determined using non-cycloplegic near retinoscopy and visual acuity was estimated using acuity card$ (Keeler or Cardiff) and patternsnset visual evoked potentials (VEP). Subjects demonstrated a markedly different distribution of refractive error from that of a neurologically normal age-matched population. Refractive error anomalies were more prevalent in children older than 5 years, suggesting abnormal refractive development. A wide range of visual acuity was found with both tests (acuity cards, 0.07 to 2.08logMAR VEP, 0.78 to 2.68 logMAR). Visual acuity and refractive status varied with level and type of physical impairment. Level of intellectual impairment exhibited a weak relation with visual status.

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Ocular dysfunction associated with mental handicap

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Refractive error and visual functions in children with special needs compared with the first grade school students in Oman

Refractive error and visual functions in children with special needs compared with the first grade school students in Oman

Refractive errors and visual anomalies in Down syndrome

Relation between neurological status, refractive error, and visual acuity in children: a clinical study

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