Ocular Findings in Infants With Microcephaly Associated With Presumed Zika Virus Congenital Infection in Salvador, Brazil

B, de Paula Freitas; Dias, de Oliveira; Guerra, Ricardo Luz Leitão; Ga, Sacramento; Ko, Albert I.; Maia, Maurício; Belfort, Rubens

doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.0267

Cited by 503 publications

(434 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In November 2015, the Ministry of Health of Brazil attributed the increased number of neonatal microcephaly cases in northeastern Brazil (particularly in Pernambuco State) to congenital ZIKV infection [8,9]. In addition, ocular involvement has been reported in neonates with ZIKV infection, mainly affecting the macular and peri-macular areas, as well as the optic nerve [10]. Moreover, ZIKV infection has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in affected adult cases in the endemic regions [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging findings of Zika virus infection: a review article

et al. 2016

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging findings of Zika virus infection: a review article

et al. 2016

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“…An association between ZIKV and neurologic malformations, such as microcephaly, has also been reported, as has an association between ZIKV and ocular diseases in newborn infants [107,108]. In these studies, [30% of infants born with ZIKV-associated microcephaly had congenital ocular lesions.…”

Section: Zika Virusmentioning

confidence: 92%

A new era of uveitis: impact of polymerase chain reaction in intraocular inflammatory diseases

et al. 2016

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Uveitis is a sight-threatening intraocular inflammatory disorder which may occur from both infectious and non-infectious or autoimmune causes. The frequency of infectious uveitis and autoimmune uveitis varies depending on countries and regions. According to a nationwide survey conducted by the Japanese Ocular Inflammation Society, infectious and non-infectious uveitis accounted for 16.4 and 50.1% of new patients, respectively while the remaining 33.5% of new uveitis cases were not classified or were idiopathic uveitis. Infectious uveitis is particularly important because it causes tissue damage to the eye and may result in blindness unless treated. However, it can be treated if the pathogenic microorganisms are identified promptly and accurately. Remarkable advancements in molecular and immunological technologies have been made in the last decade, and the diagnosis of infectious uveitis has been greatly improved by the application of molecular and immunological investigations, particularly polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR performed on a small amount of ocular samples provides a prompt, sensitive, and specific molecular diagnosis of pathogenic microorganisms in the eye. This technology has opened a new era in the diagnosis and treatment of uveitis, enabling physicians to establish new clinical entities of uveitis caused by infectious microorganisms, identify pathogens in the eyes of many patients with uveitis, and determine prompt diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Here we review the PCR process, new PCR tests specialized for ocular diseases, microorganisms detected by the PCR tests, diseases in the eye caused by these microorganisms, and the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and therapy of uveitis.

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“…4,13,14,44,53,54 clubfoot, joint contracture or microphthalmia, other than microcephaly. 35 Additionally, cases with retinal or auditory abnormality have been reported, [35][36][37] which have also been observed in neonates without microcephaly. 38 Hence, congenital Zika virus infection appears to be the clinical state that includes various congenital abnormalities, such as microcephaly or retinal abnormality, and is a diverse syndrome that can be variously categorized according to factors such as the period when pregnant women acquire Zika virus infection, or their genetic factors.…”

Section: Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus infection: Clinical overview with a summary of Japanese cases

Kutsuna

2017

Clinical & Exp Neuroim

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Zika virus infection is a mosquito-borne infection caused by the Zika virus, a member of the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. The infection is transmitted to humans mainly by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Sexual contact has also been reported to cause infection. It can be diagnosed based on the detection of the virus from blood or urine samples, detection of the viral genes by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, positive conversion of immunoglobulin M or neutralizing antibodies, or a significant increase in antibody titer in paired sera. No effective antiviral drugs or vaccines are currently available. On rare occasions, individuals infected with the Zika virus subsequently develop Guillain-Barr e syndrome. In addition, pregnant women infected with the Zika virus can have an increased risk of fetal microcephaly, which has been recognized as a social problem. Finally, I summarized Zika virus infection in Japan as of June 2017.

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Ocular Findings in Infants With Microcephaly Associated With Presumed Zika Virus Congenital Infection in Salvador, Brazil

Cited by 503 publications

References 28 publications

Neuroimaging findings of Zika virus infection: a review article

Neuroimaging findings of Zika virus infection: a review article

A new era of uveitis: impact of polymerase chain reaction in intraocular inflammatory diseases

Zika virus infection: Clinical overview with a summary of Japanese cases

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