Ocular manifestations in pediatric patients with HIV infection in the post-HAART era in southern Brazil

Almeida, Fernanda Campos Sousa de; Paula, Jayter Silva; Martins, Maria; Pg, de Sena; Cervi, Maria Célia; Rodrigues, Márcia Lopes

doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6702861

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Ocular complaints were more common (40%) among our patients who were relatively older, compared to other studies (29.7%) where children were younger (mean age 2.2 years) [8]. Indeed young children are not always capable of expressing visual symptoms nor collaborate in an effective way during ophthalmic examination, hence possible under estimation of cases.…”

Section: Pathology N Frequencycontrasting

confidence: 46%

Ocular Manifestations among HIV Infected Children in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Yonaba¹,

Kalmogho²,

Sondo³

et al. 2016

OJPed

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Ocular manifestations among HIV infected children are diverse and global incidence varies from 7% to 75%. At this age, eye lesions are often unnoticed because of the incapacity to express eye discomfort. The purpose of this study is to describe ocular manifestations among HIV-infected children and hence associated factors in the Department of Paediatrics at the Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital. This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study conducted between July 2014 and December 2014. A complete ophthalmic examination was systematically done to all HIV-positive children attending the clinic, as part of their routine medical visit. The most recent socio-demographic, clinical, biological and treatment data were registered. Seventy-nine children had an ocular examination and among them 92.4% were on ARV treatment. The incidence of ocular manifestations was 46.7%. Median age was 8 years old (interquartile 6 -12 years old). Sex ratio was 1.3. The risk of ocular manifestations involvement among boys was twice than that of girls. More than half (59.5%) of children who had ocular problems had not expressed ocular discomfort. Ocular adnexal lesions were more common (35.4%) compared to eye segments (8.9%) lesions. Anterior segment and posterior segment lesions were statistically associated with immune system depression (p = 0.003 and 0.001). However, this relationship was not statistically significant (p = 0.15). Five out of seven children who had eye fundus lesions had CD4 count <350 cells/mm 3 . Ocular manifestations were very common among HIV infected children in our context. Ophthalmic examination should be systematic at admission and regularly repeated during follow-up.

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Section: Pathology N Frequencycontrasting

confidence: 46%

Ocular Manifestations among HIV Infected Children in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Yonaba¹,

Kalmogho²,

Sondo³

et al. 2016

OJPed

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“…The mucosal surface of the eye is in fact exposed to infectious aerosols and several viruses can establish a respiratory infection following ocular exposure, including both DNA and RNA viruses, such as adenovirus, influenza virus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, and human coronavirus [13,14]. Ocular involvement was also observed in non-respiratory diseases, like the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), where the incidence of ocular manifestations was inversely proportional to the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-SARS-Cov-2 IgA Response in Tears of COVID-19 Patients

Caselli

Soffritti

Lamberti

et al. 2020

Biology

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The pandemic virus SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to be able to enter the body via the eye conjunctiva, but the presence of antiviral response in the eye remains poorly known. Our study was thus aimed to analyze the presence of secretory mucosal anti-SARS-CoV-2 type A immunoglobulins (IgA) in the conjunctival fluid of COVID-19 patients. The tears of 28 COVID-19 patients and 20 uninfected controls were collected by the Schirmer test and analyzed by a specific ELISA assay detecting anti-spike (S1) virus protein IgA. The results showed that 35.7% of COVID-19 subjects have specific antiviral IgA at the ocular level, persisting till 48 days post disease onset. Most of the IgA positive subjects presented mild symptoms. The collected data indicate a prolonged persistence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA at the eye level and suggest that IgA detection may be extremely helpful in clarifying virus pathology and epidemiology.

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“…Strabismus is a common manifestation in HIV-infected children (∼18% Prevalence). 3 Cataract in childhood can result in visual impairment and strabismus; however visual impairment and strabismus in this case should be attributed to the retinal involvement that produces a severe obstacle to sensory fusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…As many as 52 to 100% of HIV-infected individuals develop at least one ocular manifestation in their life time. 2 Compared to HIV-infected adults, HIV-infected children have a lower prevalence of ocular manifestations, 3 which varies from 7.7 to 54.0% in pre-HAART era 4 , 5 and 10 to 35.3% in the post-HAART era. 3 , 6 Most common HIV-related ocular abnormalities range from minor blepharitis and dry eyes to extensive retinal vasculitis and neural involvements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%