Ocular Thelaziosis in Dogs, France

Ruytoor, Perrine; Déan, Eric; Pennant, Olivier; Dorchies, Philippe; Chermette, René; Otranto, Domenico; Guillot, Jacques

doi:10.3201/eid1612.100872

Cited by 39 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Latitude (between 41’ 00” and 48’ 00” N), climate, altitude and vegetation are similar to those of other European countries and regions where thelaziosis is now considered endemic, e.g. Italy [20,21], France [11,12] and Spain [14]. The geographical area of Chaves, Vinhais and Bragança is characterized by a rural environment with many hunting and shepherd dogs, as well as habitats suitable for the development of P. variegata .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

First report of canine ocular thelaziosis by Thelazia callipaeda in Portugal

Vieira¹,

Rodrigues

Costa³

et al. 2012

Parasites Vectors

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThelazia callipaeda eyeworms are transmitted by the non-biting insect vector Phortica variegata in Europe and infest the conjunctiva(s) of several mammalians, including dogs and humans. Infested hosts might remain asymptomatic or display clinical manifestations characterized by variable degrees of severity.MethodsFrom July to November 2011, nine dogs were detected with eyeworms at two veterinary clinics in Chaves and Bragança (North of Portugal). Nematodes collected from dogs were morphologically and molecularly characterized at species level.ResultsNematodes were identified as T. callipaeda. The number of worms collected from each dog ranged from three to 76 (average = 17.9 ± 26.8) and was not associated with the severity of clinical signs. Ocular discharge and conjunctivitis were observed in all dogs and ocular pruritus occurred in six of them. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of a portion of target cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene further identified all nematodes as haplotype 1.ConclusionsThis is the first report of T. callipaeda and associated ocular disease in dogs from Portugal, suggesting that thelaziosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of canine ocular affections. The risk of the infestation spreading from Spain and France to Portugal, through domestic dogs or wild mammals, is realistic.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

First report of canine ocular thelaziosis by Thelazia callipaeda in Portugal

Vieira¹,

Rodrigues

Costa³

et al. 2012

Parasites Vectors

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This was explained by the fact that large-sized dogs are usually housed outdoors, thus favouring physical contacts between the dogs and the arthropod vector of canine thelaziosis [10]. The percentage of dogs that presented clinical signs (i.e., 15.4%) was considerably lower than that recorded in previous studies [10,12]. This finding probably relates to the fact that dogs were examined during the early phases of infection, as suggested by the type/s of clinical signs that were observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thelazia callipaeda: infection in dogs: a new parasite for Spain

et al. 2011

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThelazia callipaeda (Spirurida, Thelaziidae), eyeworms, are known as the causative agents of thelaziosis, initially described in Asia and, later on, over the last decade, also in some European countries (e.g., Italy, France, Germany and Switzerland). In June 2010, the first case of canine thelaziosis was observed in central western Spain (La Vera region, Cáceres) and subsequent epidemiological investigation is reported in the present study.ResultsThis study describes the first autochthonous cases of infection by T. callipaeda in dogs from central western Spain where the first case of eyeworm infection was reported.A total of 456 dogs was examined in this geographical area. Thelazia callipaeda eyeworms were observed in 182 (39.9%) animals, of which 28 showed apparent clinical signs (i.e., conjunctivitis, oedema, epiphora and petechiae). A total of 762 adult nematodes (214 males, 548 females; mean infection rate of 4.18; SD 4.74) were collected with cotton swabs or by flushing of the conjunctival sac of infected animals using physiological saline solution. Nematodes were identified as T. callipaeda according to the morphological keys and molecular analysis of sequences of a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. The sequences were identical to those representing T. callipaeda haplotype 1, previously reported in Europe.ConclusionsThe high infection rate of canine thelaziosis herein reported suggests that practitioners should include this eye infection amongst differential diagnoses of ocular diseases in dogs from this area of Spain or those moving across this area of Spain. Based on the high infection prevalence recorded, the potential public health risk to humans from this region is also discussed.

show abstract

“…Indeed, following the first description in dogs, cats and foxes in Italy [3, 4], T. callipaeda has been increasingly reported in western France (Dordogne area) [5, 6], Switzerland [7, 8], Spain [9], and Portugal [10–12]. This nematode infection induces from mild (e.g., conjunctivitis, epiphora, and ocular discharge) to severe (e.g., keratitis and corneal ulcers) ocular manifestations in animals [13], as well as in humans [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spread of zoonotic Thelazia callipaeda in the Balkan area

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThelazia callipaeda (Spirurida, Thelaziidae), also known as “oriental eyeworm”, is a small nematode parasite that lives in the conjunctival sac of domestic and wild carnivores, rabbits and even humans, causing mild (e.g., conjunctivitis, epiphora, and ocular discharge) to severe (e.g., keratitis, and corneal ulcers) ocular disease. This study reports, for the first time, the occurrence of T. callipaeda infection in the Balkan regions (i.e., Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia), it provides genetic evidence on the origin of the infection in that area and discusses potential expansion pathways in the near future.MethodsThis survey was conducted in two Western Balkan countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. At necropsy, from January 2011 to April 2014, a total of 184 carcasses of red foxes were examined throughout the study area and worms were collected from the conjunctival sac. In the same period, worms were also collected during clinical examination from the conjunctival sac of four dogs and a cat from Bosnia and Herzegovina and two dogs from Croatia. All nematodes collected were morphologically identified and molecularly characterized by sequencing of partial cox1 gene.ResultsT. callipaeda was observed in 51 (27.71%) foxes and the highest prevalence (50.0%) was in the region of East Bosnia. Beside the 4 cases of hyperemia (7.84%), most of the infected animals had no signs of ocular infection (n = 47, 92.15%). A total of 417 adult nematodes collected (364 from foxes, 51 from dogs, 2 from cat) were morphologically and molecularly identified as T. callipaeda haplotype 1.ConclusionThis is the first report of autochthonous cases of T. callipaeda infection in red foxes, dogs and cat in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia and data presented here suggest that reports of thelaziosis in other Balkan areas are, as yet, not diagnosed most likely due to the lack of awareness of practitioners. In addition, data regarding the spread of the infection in Europe over the last ten years suggests that an increasing pattern in the distribution of this disease in domestic and wild animals should be expected in the future.

show abstract

Ocular Thelaziosis in Dogs, France

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

First report of canine ocular thelaziosis by Thelazia callipaeda in Portugal

First report of canine ocular thelaziosis by Thelazia callipaeda in Portugal

Thelazia callipaeda: infection in dogs: a new parasite for Spain

The spread of zoonotic Thelazia callipaeda in the Balkan area

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About