Ocular trauma in counter insurgency and proxy war environment: Epidemiological study, 1992–2004

Verma, Sudheer; Waikar, Shrikant; Sharma, Vivek; Bhatkoti, Bhupesh; Chauhan, Ramesh Chand

doi:10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.02.001

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In our study, IOFB (27.26%, 395/1449) was the most common type of eye injury, and other types accounted for only a small fraction. When specifically associated with war and weapons use, the proportion of IOFB among previous reports also differed (9.33–54.20%) [ 2 , 7 , 13 , 20 , 25 ], and its proportion in OGI was as high as 46.32–95.70% [ 13 , 26 ] (compared with 55.17% in our study). In ocular trauma from common causes, the proportion of IOFB (1.0–21.3%) was lower than that of explosive injuries [ 14 , 16 , 27 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

“…At the final follow-up, 9.59% of eyes had been removed following explosive injuries in our study. In previous reports, this percentage was only 0.61–10.00% for general or firework-related eye injuries [ 4 – 6 , 12 , 21 , 28 , 33 – 36 ], although it was as high as 11.90–34.46% for injuries caused in war or by bomb or mine blasts [ 2 , 8 , 13 , 26 , 37 , 38 ]. The NLP in our study was 13.32% for the presenting VA and 14.56% for the final VA, which was significantly lower than the values provided in previous reports (initial NLP range 18.7–53.1%) [ 3 , 4 , 7 , 8 , 13 , 28 , 37 ] or the final NLP in 14.04–39.00% [ 3 , 4 , 8 , 12 , 28 , 36 , 37 ] of injuries related to firecrackers, bomb or mine explosions, war or weapon use, or OGI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In this study, OGI (52.57%, 716/1362) was more common than CGI (47.43%, 646/1362). In previous studies, the OGI ratio (56.60–81.25%) was much higher than the CGI ratio (18.75–43.4%), some of which might be related to the fact that most of the explosives involved were bombs, weapons, and mines [ 2 , 6 – 8 , 12 , 13 ]. Conversely, the proportion of CGI (64.50–67.34%) was higher than that of OGI (26.53–35.5%) in fireworks-related injuries [ 6 , 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Author details 1 Senior Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China. 2 Department of Ophthalmology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China. 3 Medical Security Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.…”

Section: Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An explosive blast has sudden and devastating effects and usually causes great casualties [ 1 ]. Explosion-related eye injuries are a common cause of morbidities for survivors, whether the injury occurred during wartime, a disaster, or an explosion-related accident during peacetime [ 2 – 6 ]. Explosions rapidly generate impact waves with dramatic power, producing instantaneous peeling, implosion, and hemodynamic effects, and pressure differences (called primary or level I explosion injuries); fragments with high kinetic energy (leading to secondary or level II injuries); huge airflow capable of overturning the human body (leading to level III injuries); and hyperthermic or high-pressure chemical reaction (leading to level IV injuries) [ 4 , 5 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Explosive eye injuries: characteristics, traumatic mechanisms, and prognostic factors for poor visual outcomes

Zhang

Kang

et al. 2023

Military Med Res

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Background Explosions can produce blast waves, high-speed medium, thermal radiation, and chemical spatter, leading to complex and compound eye injuries. However, few studies have comprehensively investigated the clinical features of different eye injury types or possible risk factors for poor prognosis. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all consecutive records of explosive eye injuries (1449 eyes in 1115 inpatients) in 14 tertiary referral hospitals in China over 12 years (between January 2008 and December 2019). Data on demographics, eye injury types, ocular findings, treatments, and factors affecting visual prognosis were extracted from a standardized database of eye injuries and statistically analyzed. Results Mechanical ocular trauma accounted for 94.00% of explosion-related eye injuries, among which intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) resulted in 55.17% of open globe injuries (OGIs) and contusion caused 60.22% of close globe injuries (CGIs). Proliferative vitreous retinopathy (PVR) was more common in perforating (47.06%) and IOFB (26.84%) than in penetrating (8.79%) injuries, and more common with laceration (24.25%) than rupture (9.22%, P < 0.01). However, no difference was observed between rupture and contusion. Ultimately, 9.59% of eyes were removed and the final vision was ≤ 4/200 in 45.82% of patients. Poor presenting vision [odds ratio (OR) = 5.789], full-thickness laceration of the eyeball ≥ 5 mm (OR = 3.665), vitreous hemorrhage (OR = 3.474), IOFB (OR = 3.510), non-mechanical eye injury (NMEI, OR = 2.622, P < 0.001), rupture (OR = 2.362), traumatic optic neuropathy (OR = 2.102), retinal detachment (RD, OR = 2.033), endophthalmitis (OR = 3.281, P < 0.01), contusion (OR = 1.679), ciliary body detachment (OR = 6.592), zone III OGI (OR = 1.940), and PVR (OR = 1.615, P < 0.05) were significant negative predictors for poor visual outcomes. Conclusions Explosion ocular trauma has complex mechanisms, with multiple eyes involved and poor prognosis. In lethal level I explosion injuries, eyeball rupture is a serious condition, whereas contusion is more likely to improve. In level II injuries, IOFBs are more harmful than penetrating injuries, and level IV represents burn-related eye injuries. PVR is more associated with penetrating mechanisms than with OGI. Identifying the risk predictors for visual prognosis can guide clinicians in the evaluation and treatment of ocular blast injuries.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Explosive eye injuries: characteristics, traumatic mechanisms, and prognostic factors for poor visual outcomes

Zhang

Kang

et al. 2023

Military Med Res

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Avances y desarrollos de las neurociencias para ayudar a víctimas de la guerra: Un estudio de revisión

Parra-Bolaños¹,

Tabares²,

Gómez³

et al. 2023

Ciencia Latina

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La guerra y la violencia han jugado un papel fundamental en la historia del ser humano, pues son un conjunto de comportamientos que a lo largo de las diferentes eras que ha atravesado nuestra especie, nos han marcado y nos han cambiado para siempre, sin embargo, los productos de la guerra se ven reflejados en secuelas, dolor, sufrimiento y traumas que no solo modifican la psicología humana, sino también, nuestros cerebros. Este estudio de revisión permitió la construcción de una matriz con 950 artículos científicos de los cuales se redujeron a un selecto grupo de solo 28 artículos científicos en los cuales se abordan los principales aportes de las neurociencias cognitivas y de sus campos afines a la comprensión de la forma en que la guerra altera y modifica la citoarquitectura del cerebro humano. Nuestra investigación concluye en que es necesario incorporar herramientas más prácticas y agiles para examinar los cambios neuropsicológicos en los cerebros de las víctimas de la guerra en todo el mundo.

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Vision related quality-of-life among patients with traumatic or non-traumatic ocular disease and its association with the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act: Unveiling-the-hidden

Vichare

Pushkar

Agrawal

et al. 2022

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose: To assess vision-related quality of life (VrQoL) in cases with visual loss after ocular trauma (OT) or non-traumatic ocular disease (NTOD) using the National Eye Institute’s 25-Item Visual Function Questionnaire 25 (VFQ-25) and its association with visual disability % (VD%) based on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016. Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted among cases with ocular morbidity in either or both eyes with a visual acuity of ≤6/24. VFQ-25 questionnaire was administered to measure QoL scores. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. P < 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Eighty-eight respondents completed the questionnaire. Mean age of participants was 40.272 ± 9.35 years (range: 23–55 years). Forty-three (48.9%) and 45 (51.1%) participants had OT and NTOD, respectively. The most common cause was traumatic optic neuropathy (21.6%) followed by corneal causes (19.4%). Low visual QoL scores were reported in all the cases (57.52 ± 16.08). Between OT and NTOD, a significant difference in terms of age ( P = 0.001) and general vision ( P = 0.03) was seen. Lowest scores were for driving. Based on VD%, 77 cases had ≤40 and the rest had >40% VD with a significant difference in overall mean scores ( P = 0.03), specifically in domains of general vision ( P = 0.00), near activities ( P = 0.00), and driving ( P = 0.007). QoL was decreased in each subscale of ≤40%VD group, who faced the same predicament everywhere as by the cases with more disability. Conclusion: Ocular morbidity is associated with low QoL, predominantly in domains like general vision, near activities and driving. The RPwD Act leaves out a huge population with VD without any government benefits. One might need to consider other vision-related factors also to provide them with social, psychological, and employment benefits.

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Ocular trauma in counter insurgency and proxy war environment: Epidemiological study, 1992–2004

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Explosive eye injuries: characteristics, traumatic mechanisms, and prognostic factors for poor visual outcomes

Explosive eye injuries: characteristics, traumatic mechanisms, and prognostic factors for poor visual outcomes

Avances y desarrollos de las neurociencias para ayudar a víctimas de la guerra: Un estudio de revisión

Vision related quality-of-life among patients with traumatic or non-traumatic ocular disease and its association with the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act: Unveiling-the-hidden

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