Odocoileus hemionus

Anderson, Allen E.; Wallmo, O. C.

doi:10.2307/3504024

Cited by 66 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…This is particularly true for the mule deer, as this species exhibits a strong sexual dimorphism (i.e., males are heavier than females [Anderson and Wallmo, 1984]). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pellet morphometry as a tool to distinguish age and sex in the mule deer

2004

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By examining the morphometry (i.e., length, width, length-to-width ratio, and volume) of pellets in three different categories (adult males, adult females, and yearlings) mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), we were able to distinguish via discriminant function and fuzzy clustering analyses the age and sex of these animals. To determine a priori the identity of the pellet samples and evaluate the accuracy of our methods, we obtained samples from individuals in captivity. The discriminant function allowed us to correctly assign 100% of adult males, 91.66% of adult females, and 75% of yearlings to an age class, using previous information. The fuzzy clustering method enabled us to correctly distinguish 100% of adult males, 83.3% of adult females, and 75% of yearlings. The methods are based upon different assumptions. An important assumption with the discriminant function method is that the membership of each pellet group must be established a priori. This may be a disadvantage in certain cases, such as when pellet samples are gathered for an indirect population assessment procedure. Despite this drawback, however, both methods appear to be highly accurate. Zoo

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“…This is particularly true for the mule deer, as this species exhibits a strong sexual dimorphism (i.e., males are heavier than females [Anderson and Wallmo, 1984]). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pellet morphometry as a tool to distinguish age and sex in the mule deer

2004

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“…For this study, we included 3 years of data from 1 April 2009 to 31 March 2012, with each year divided into 5 seasons (Table 2) [25, 28, 32, 45]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mule deer spatial association patterns and potential implications for transmission of an epizootic disease

et al. 2017

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Animal social behaviour can have important effects on the long-term dynamics of diseases. In particular, preferential spatial relationships between individuals can lead to differences in the rates of disease spread within a population. We examined the concurrent influence of genetic relatedness, sex, age, home range overlap, time of year, and prion disease status on proximal associations of adult Rocky Mountain mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) in a chronic wasting disease endemic area. We also quantified the temporal stability of these associations across different sex, age, and disease status classes. We used three years of high frequency telemetry data from 74 individuals to record encounters within 25 m of each other, and to calculate seasonal home range overlap measured by volume of intersection (VI). The strength of pairwise spatial association between adult mule deer was independent of genetic relatedness, age and disease status. Seasonal variation in association strength was not consistent across years, perhaps due to annual changes in weather conditions. The influence of home range overlap on association strength varied seasonally, whereby associations were stronger in pre-rut and fawning than in the rest of the seasons. The sexes of individuals also interacted with both VI and season. At increasing levels of VI, associations were stronger between females than between males and between females and males. The strongest associations in pre-rut were between males, while the strongest in rut were between females and males. The temporal stability of associations was markedly dependant on the sex and the diagnosis of the associating pair. Our findings highlight the importance of considering concurrent effects of biological and environmental factors when seeking to understand the role of social preference in behavioural ecology and disease spread. Applying this knowledge in epidemiological modelling will shed light on the dynamics of disease transmission among mule deer.

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“…This might reflect the savanna type of Miocene habitat, which would have differed from the present day North American biome where most true cervids (those in the genera Downloaded by [McGill University Library] Odocoileus and A/ces) now occupy an exclusively browsing niche (e.g. Franzmann, 1981;Hesselton and Hesselton, 1982;Anderson and Wallmo, 1984). The wapiti (Cervus canadensis) is more of a mixed feeder (e.g.…”

Section: Browsers General Patternsmentioning

confidence: 98%