Oesophageal symptoms, their causes, treatment, and prognosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Connolly, G M; Hawkins, David; Harcourt-Webster, J. N.; Parsons, P A; Husain, O. A. N.; Bg, Gazzard

doi:10.1136/gut.30.8.1033

Cited by 151 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Interestingly, Hoso'i et al [33] have shown that CGRP may be a mediator of neurological modulation of the LC function. Different results obtained from the skin immune sys tem in HIV-infected patients have focused new interest on these peripheral immune systems, particularly in theoesophageal mucosa where opportunistic infections and idiopathic ulcerations frequently occur [1,[34][35][36][37][38], The deregulation of LC in AIDS infection patients could be at the origin of the disturbance of the oesophagus immune system. It has clearly been established that HIV has the potential to infect LC which can produce viral particles [39].…”

Section: Lc In Oesophageal Mucosal Pathologic Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Role of Langerhans’ Cells in the Human Oesophageal Epithelium

Terris

Potet

1995

Digestion

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Oesophageal Langerhans’ cells (LC) are bone marrow-derived dendritic cells situated suprabasally in most stratified squamous epithelia, such as the epidermis and the epithelium of oesophageal mucosa. LC function as antigen-presenting cells. Associated with relatively numerous intra-epithelial lymphocytes present in the normal state in oesophageal mucosa, they play a major role in the immunologic defense system of the oesophagus. Structure and role of LC are summarized in this review. Moreover, the implications of LC in different pathologic oesophageal reactions are discussed.

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Section: Lc In Oesophageal Mucosal Pathologic Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Role of Langerhans’ Cells in the Human Oesophageal Epithelium

Terris

Potet

1995

Digestion

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“…Oral ketoconazole (200-400 mg per day) or clotrimazole (30-50 mg per day) have generally been successful, although recurrence is frequent. ParenteraI amphotericin has been considered as the most effective treatment but is generally indicated only in refractory cases (5,6,9).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of oral fluconazole in the treatment of AIDS associated oesophageal candidiasis

Wit

Urbain

Rahir

et al. 1991

Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.

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To assess the efficacy and tolerance of fluconazole in the treatment of oesophageal candidiasis, 47 AIDS patients with this infection were enrolled in an open prospective study using fluconazole 100 mg given orally once daily. Clinical cure was obtained in all of 41 evaluable patients, with confirmation of cure in all of 31 patients who underwent post-treatment oesophagoscopy. Forty patients were followed up for at least 30 days; none suffered a relapse of oesophagitis but seven had a recurrence of stomatitis which was effectively treated with fluconazole. Fluconazole was well tolerated. Nausea was noted in three patients one of whom interrupted therapy. Transient mild elevation of ALT/AST was noted in five of 41 patients (12%). Fluconazole appears to be a safe and effective agent for oral therapy of oesophageal candidiasis associated with AIDS.

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“…It has also been reported as a complication of antibiotic therapy, especially with long-term treatment [12]. In recent years, candida esophagitis has gained further attention because of its association with AIDS, for which it constitutes a diagnostic criterion [ 13].…”

Section: Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-induced dysphagia

1993

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Dysphagia describes the disability or problems in swallowing a wet or dry bolus properly and is normally associated with an impaired transport of the bolus. Dysphagia can be accompanied by a pain sensation in the chest mostly caused by impaction of the food bolus in the esophagus. Odynophagia describes only the status of painful swallowing without an impairment of the swallow and transport function. Drug-induced dysphagia can be caused in two different ways. First as a normal drug side effect of the pharmacological action of the drug or as a complication of the therapeutic action of the drug. The normal drug side effect is most likely in drugs that affect smooth or striated muscle function or the sensitivity of the mucosa. The drug effect on smooth muscle function that causes dysphagia can be inhibitory or excitatory. Dysphagia is a common clinical symptom in patients with reduced perception of the pharyngeal mucosa which leads to an subjective impairment of swallowing. Dysphagia caused by a complication of the therapeutic action of a drug includes viral or fungal esophagitis in patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs or cancer therapeutic agents, or antibiotics and immunological reactions to certain drugs such as erythema exsudativa multiforme or Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Second, drug-induced dysphagia can be due to medication-induced esophageal injury (MIEI). In most cases this mucosal injury appears to be the direct result of prolonged contact of a potentially caustic drug with the esophageal mucosa. This form of medication-induced esophagitis is most likely to be found in elderly patients and patients with esophageal motility disorders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Oesophageal symptoms, their causes, treatment, and prognosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Cited by 151 publications

References 14 publications

Structure and Role of Langerhans’ Cells in the Human Oesophageal Epithelium

Structure and Role of Langerhans’ Cells in the Human Oesophageal Epithelium

Efficacy of oral fluconazole in the treatment of AIDS associated oesophageal candidiasis

Drug-induced dysphagia

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