Oestradiol levels may differ between premenopausal women, ages 18–50, with type 1 diabetes and matched controls

Abstract

Background Investigate whether estradiol differs between premenopausal women with and without type 1 diabetes, and whether levels are associated with such factors as age, reproductive history, or diabetes management. Methods Estradiol in premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes (n=89; age=18-50 years; duration=13-18 years) and age/race-matched controls without diabetes (n=76) was collected during a cross-sectional ancillary study of the Wisconsin Diabetes Registry Study, a population-based incident cohort. Total and bioavailable estradiol and SHBG were compared using multivariable regression (e.g., adjusting for reproductive history). Results Adjusted mean total and bioavailable estradiol did not differ overall by diabetes status (p≥0.74), while adjusted mean SHBG was higher in type 1 diabetes women (p=0.02). However, only in women with type 1 diabetes and not controls (interaction p=0.0005), total estradiol was positively associated with duration of reproductive years with unsuppressed ovarian function (UnsuppOvFx=years since menarche minus years on hormonal contraceptives/pregnant/breastfeeding). Stratifying into ≤ or > the median 9 years duration of UnsuppOvFx, compared to controls, women with type 1 diabetes had significantly lower total estradiol in ≤9 years group (β=−43.2 pg/ml [−158.6 pmol/L], p=0.04), and significantly higher total estradiol in >9 years group (β=53.9 pg/ml [197.9 pmol/L], p=0.04). Results remained consistent during additional statistical adjustments and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Compared to controls, estradiol may be lower in women with type 1 diabetes with shorter duration, and higher with longer duration, of UnsuppOvFx. Given the potential effects of insulin on ovarian function, estradiol production may vary across the lifespan for women with type 1 diabetes.

Targeting hormone-resistant breast cancer cells with docetaxel: a look inside the resistance

“…We first analyzed data from experiments with hormones and their antagonists. The level of 17β-estradiol undergoes significant changes in premenopausal women; usually, the level of this hormone is between 30 and 400 pg/mL [34][35][36][37] . Thus, we cannot talk about an average level of 17β-estradiol in plasma; in experimental studies, most researchers apply a dose of 17β-estradiol that induces the expression of responsive genes, 10 nM or 2.7 ng/mL [38,39] .…”

Factors Associated With Serum Estradiol Levels Among Postmenopausal Women Using Hormone Therapy

“…CYP3A4 inhibitors such as ketoconazole (32) and grapefruit juice (30) have been reported to increase E1 (but not E2) levels among women taking oral E2. We evaluated other CYP3A4-related medications which could result in a drug interaction with oral E2 through liver metabolism including antiepileptic, antihypertensive, lipid-lowering and antidiabetic medications (33)(34)(35) and commonly used supplements (multivitamin, vitamin E and fish oil). None of these medications were associated with serum E2 level.…”