Oestrogen and progesterone receptors in human term placenta. Measurement by binding assays and immunological methods

Rivera, José; Cano, Antonio

doi:10.1016/0143-4004(89)90049-0

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, there is some controversy as to whether the PR is expressed in placental trophoblasts. Several studies have not been able to detect PR in the placenta [18,27,28], whereas a number of other studies have [19,20]. PR exists in human as two proteins, PR-A and PR-B, encoded by a single gene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Karalis et al [18] concluded that P4 downregulation of CRH gene expression in placenta occurred through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) because they did not detect P4 receptor (PR) expression in placental cells. However, several studies have shown that the PR is expressed by placental cells [19,20]. Thus the mechanisms by which P4 could inhibit placental CRH production are unclear.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progesterone receptors A and B differentially modulate corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression through a cAMP regulatory element

Hou

Yang

et al. 2004

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS)

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Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays a major role in mechanisms controlling human pregnancy and parturition. Gene regulation by progesterone may be a key point in the control of placental CRH production. Studies in primary placental cells show that antagonism of progesterone activity or production by RU486 or trilostane leads to an increase in CRH promoter activity. This effect can be reversed by the addition of progesterone. Overexpression of progesterone receptor A (PR-A) or glucocorticoid receptor resulted in a decrease in CRH promoter activity following progesterone treatment, whereas an increase in promoter activity was observed with overexpressed PR-B. Studies including mutation of the cAMP regulatory element (CRE) confirm this site to be essential for the progesterone-mediated effects. In summary, our results demonstrate that progesterone regulates CRH gene transcription via a CRE in the CRH promoter and that PR-A and PR-B exhibit different actions in the regulation of CRH gene expression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Progesterone receptors A and B differentially modulate corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression through a cAMP regulatory element

Hou

Yang

et al. 2004

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS)

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“…In fact, recent reports describing the effects of progesterone on the expression of chorionic gonadotrophin (CG) α and β subunit genes in the human placenta (Rao et al, 1995) and corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) gene in human trophoblast cell cultures (Karalis et al, 1996) provide sufficient evidence to suggest that placenta itself can be a target tissue for the action of progesterone, though it has not been possible to accept this suggestion with certainity due to several conflicting reports in the literature (McCormick et al, 1981;Younes et al, 1981;Rivera and Cano, 1989;Padayachi et al, 1990;Karalis et al, 1996). Although it has been reported (Karalis et al, 1996) that human PR immunoreactivity could not be detected in trophoblast cells isolated from term placenta, studies (Rossmanith et al, 1997) as well as our own provide definitive evidence for the presence of PR in the human placenta.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from the uterus, the placenta itself has been suggested to be a target tissue for the action of progesterone. However, there has been no conclusive evidence for the presence of progesterone receptors (PR) in the human placenta (McCormick et al, 1981;Younes et al, 1981;Rivera and Cano, 1989;Padayachi et al, 1990;Karalis et al, 1996). This has mainly been due to the techniques employed, particularly the nuclear exchange assay, the application of which to human placenta poses considerable problems because of the high endogenous concentration of progesterone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progesterone receptor expression in the human placenta

Shanker

Rao

1999

Molecular Human Reproduction

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The presence of progesterone receptors (PR) in the human placenta has been demonstrated using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique. It was observed that the amount of PR in the human placenta is less during late gestation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with nuclear extract isolated from the first trimester and term placenta revealed three complexes when incubated with [ 32 P]dCTP-labelled progesterone response element, and, in competition with unlabelled progesterone response element, the formation of all three complexes was inhibited. When supershift analysis of these complexes was carried out using antibodies which cross-react with both the A and B types of the PR or only with the B type receptor, only the A-form of PR was detected in the human placenta.

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“…Hypothetically, the effect of hormonal contraception, if any at all, would require the expression of estrogen receptors (ER) and PGR by trophoblastic tissues. However, the expression of steroid receptors by trophoblastic tissues has been controversial among various studies (12)(13)(14)(15)(16) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen and progesterone receptors and telomerase enzyme immunohistochemical detection in gestational trophoblastic tumors

El-Shalakany

Kamel

Ismail

et al. 2006

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the immunohistochemical detection of telomerase enzyme and estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PGR) in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) and its clinical significance. Formalin-fixed paraffin blocks for 30 patients (24 with molar pregnancy, 3 with choriocarcinoma, and 3 with placental site trophoblastic tumor) as cases and six products of conception samples from patients with incomplete abortion as controls were included in the study. Immunohistochemical detection of the telomerase catalytic protein and ER and PGR was carried out using streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method. All control tissues were negative for telomerase and ER expression, while five of six were PGR positive. Significant positive telomerase expression was detected in all gestational trophoblastic tumors (three of six partial moles, 12 of 18 complete moles, three of three choriocarcinomas, and two of three placental site trophoblastic tumors). Nine of 24 molar pregnancies were followed by GTN. Molar pregnancies followed by GTN were associated with higher serum beta-hCG (human chorionic gonadotrophic hormone), larger uterine size for gestational age, negative ER expression, negative PGR expression, and positive telomerase expression. All patients with molar pregnancy with negative telomerase expression (9 of 24) showed spontaneous regression after evacuation. Positive telomerase expression and its immunohistochemical detection are associated with the development of GTN. Negative telomerase expression is highly predictive of postmolar spontaneous regression. Patients with molar pregnancies with negative telomerase expression can be saved the long-term follow-up. ER and PGR expression do not show a significantly different pattern in molar tissues, while negative expression is associated with developing GTN. Cautions on the use of postmolar hormonal contraception may be unjustified.

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Oestrogen and progesterone receptors in human term placenta. Measurement by binding assays and immunological methods

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Progesterone receptors A and B differentially modulate corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression through a cAMP regulatory element

Progesterone receptors A and B differentially modulate corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression through a cAMP regulatory element

Progesterone receptor expression in the human placenta

Estrogen and progesterone receptors and telomerase enzyme immunohistochemical detection in gestational trophoblastic tumors

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