Oestrogen and the enigmatic male predominance of gastric cancer

Chandanos, Evangelos; Lagergren, Jesper

doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2008.07.031

Cited by 142 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Even more, the expression of ERα in gastric cancer has shown marked variability (0-62.5%) (12,46). Consistent with our result, several studies also found that ERα cannot be detected in gastric cancer cell lines (46,47).…”

Section: Estrogen Protects Against Gastric Cancer Through Erssupporting

confidence: 91%

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Overexpression of ERα inhibits proliferation and invasion of MKN28 gastric cancer cells by suppressing β-catenin

Zhou

Teng

et al. 2013

Oncology Reports

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Abstract.The relationship between estrogen receptor (ER)α and patient prognosis has been identified in gastric cancer; however, the definite role of ERα in gastric cancer remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present in vitro study was to investigate the impact of ERα on cell proliferation, migration and invasion in gastric cancer cell lines. We investigated the biological effect of ERα overexpression on gastric carcinoma cells. An MKN28 gastric cancer cell line stably overexpressing ERα was established. The effect of ERα overexpression on cell growth was assessed by evaluating cell survival, colony formation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell migration/invasion assays. The protein levels of several potentially involved genes were determined by western blotting to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The Student's t-test was used to determine the statistical differences between various experimental and control groups, and one-way ANOVA test was used to determine the difference between three or more groups. The results showed that ERα overexpression significantly inhibited cell growth and proliferation, blocked cell entry into the G1/G0 phase and promoted cell apoptosis. In addition, ERα reduced the motility and invasion of gastric cancer cells. These phenotypes may partly be explained by a decrease in β-catenin expression caused by ERα overexpression. ERα overexpression effectively inhibited cell growth and cancer progression by suppressing β-catenin in gastric cancer, identifying ERα as a promising target with therapeutic potential for development of new approaches to treat gastric cancer.

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Section: Estrogen Protects Against Gastric Cancer Through Erssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Accumulative evidence suggests that the differences are rooted in basic biological differences between men and women, and this phenomenon would be explained by the hypothesis that estrogens are protective in this respect (reviewed in ref. 12). …”

Section: Estrogen Protects Against Gastric Cancer Through Ersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of ERα inhibits proliferation and invasion of MKN28 gastric cancer cells by suppressing β-catenin

Zhou

Teng

et al. 2013

Oncology Reports

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“…As it was observed, gastric cancer incidence during the total 6 years was much higher in men than in women. Some researchers have attributed the cause of such difference to the protective role of female hormones (Chandanos & Lagergren, 2008). In addition, the sensitivity of individual health care in women is much higher than in men and this may lead to better and earlier diagnosis of gastric cancer among women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trend Analysis of Gastric Cancer Incidence in Iran and Its Six Geographical Areas During 2000-2005

Haidari

Nikbakht²,

Pasdar³

2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Objective: gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide . While it is one of the most common cancers in Iran, there are only limited data regarding incidence trends in the country. This study is the first of its type to investigate trends across six geographical areas during 2000-2005 using cancer registry data. Materials and methods: The registered data for gastric cancer cases in National Cancer Registry System were extracted from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Center for Disease Control & Management, code C16. First, according to WHO population, the sex-standardized incidence rate in both sexes and then the trends of incidence rate during 2000-2005 were investigated separately for different geographical areas of the country. Results: the incidence rates of gastric cancer in Iran and its six geographical areas during 2000-2005 were increasing albeit with differences in their slopes. The overall incidence rate increased from 2.8 in 2000 to 9.1 per 100,000 persons per year in 2005, rising from 4.1 to 13.2 in men. The average six-year incidence of gastric cancer in the central and northwestern border of Caspian Sea was 7.8 per 100,000 persons per year, while it was 0.9 per 100,000 persons per year in the border of the Persian Gulf. Generally the incidence rate in men was higher than in women. Conclusion: Iran is one of the high-risk areas for gastric cancer. Increase in incidence might continue in the future partly because of improvement in cancer registry systems as well as increase in risk of this cancer.

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“…This difference has been explained by a variation in environmental factors, including H. pylori infection, smoking, and different dietary patterns, as well as hormones such as estrogen [25,[53][54][55]. The finding that there is a significant association between obesity and the risk of EGC and differentiated-type gastric cancer in males but no association in females is intriguing and seems to support a modulatory effect by female sex hormones, although there is no clear evidence for such an effect from experimental studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between body mass index and the risk of early gastric cancer and dysplasia regardless of Helicobacter pylori infection

Kim

et al. 2014

Gastric Cancer

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AbstractsBackground Obesity is known to be associated with an increased risk of gastric cardia cancer but not with noncardia cancer. In terms of gastric dysplasia, few studies have evaluated its relationship with obesity. In addition, no study on the relationship between obesity and the risk of gastric cancer has analyzed the status of Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods A case-control study was designed to investigate the relationship between obesity and the risk of gastric cancer and dysplasia adjusted for the status of H. pylori infection in Koreans. Nine hundred ninety-eight gastric cancer patients, 313 gastric dysplasia patients, and 1,288 subjects with normal endoscopic findings were included. Results As gender differences could be the largest confounding factor, the risk of gastric cancer and dysplasia with an increasing body mass index (BMI) was analyzed in men and women, separately, and was adjusted for age, smoking, drinking, family history of gastric cancer, H. pylori infection, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and serum pepsinogen I/pepsinogen II ratio. Obesity (BMI 25 kg/m 2 or greater but less than 30 kg/m 2 ) was associated with increased risk of early gastric cancer [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.657; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.086-2.528; P = 0.019] and well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (aOR 1.566; 95 % CI 1.011-2.424; P = 0.044) compared with normal BMI status (BMI \ 23 kg/m 2 ) in men. Obesity was related to gastric dysplasia (aOR 2.086; 95 % CI 1.011-4.302; P = 0.047) in women. Conclusions The effect of obesity on gastric cancer showed a gender difference. That is, in men it was related to increased risk of early gastric cancer and well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, but it was associated with gastric dysplasia in women regardless of H. pylori infection in Korea. Further research into this difference is necessary.

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Oestrogen and the enigmatic male predominance of gastric cancer

Cited by 142 publications

References 81 publications

Overexpression of ERα inhibits proliferation and invasion of MKN28 gastric cancer cells by suppressing β-catenin

Overexpression of ERα inhibits proliferation and invasion of MKN28 gastric cancer cells by suppressing β-catenin

Trend Analysis of Gastric Cancer Incidence in Iran and Its Six Geographical Areas During 2000-2005

Relationship between body mass index and the risk of early gastric cancer and dysplasia regardless of Helicobacter pylori infection

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